阿古利可拉的形象与古史书写的陷阱  

The Image of Agricola and the Trap of Ancient History Writing

作　　者：戴佳玲 Dai Jialing(School of Social Development and Public Management,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院,苏州215009

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第13期63-66,71,共5页Journal of Western

基　　金：2022年江苏省研究生科研创新项目“《阿古利可拉传》与帝国初期罗马对不列颠的统治研究”(编号:KYCX22_3245)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阿古利可拉是弗拉维时代罗马不列颠治理过程中重要人物之一。《阿古利可拉传》是古罗马历史学家塔西佗替其岳父辩护而作的,为罗马不列颠史的研究提供了丰富的记载。在塔西佗的传记中,“伟大的”阿古利可拉是一位无往不胜的将军、独具慧眼的军事设施建造者、宽厚而清廉的行政长官。但是从考古、铭文材料来看,阿古利可拉并未展现出特别的创造能力,在军事成就、堡垒建造、推动不列颠“罗马化”及城市化方面的功绩不如传记中记载的显赫,其担任总督期间未必是历代不列颠总督中最重要的时段。在古代史的书写及研究过程中,易陷入史料多寡与历史地位不对等的“陷阱”。在批判传世文献的基础上,应充分借鉴考古、铭文、钱币等多重史料,才可能更趋近历史“真相”。Agricola was one of the key figures in the governance of Roman Britain during the Flavian Era.The Agricola,written by the ancient Roman historian Tacitus in defense of his father-in-law,provides a rich record for the study of history of Roman Britain.In Tacitus’s biography,the“great”Agricola is described as an invincible general,a shrewd builder of military installations,and a generous and incorruptible administrator.However,archaeological and inscriptions show that Agricola did not show any special creative ability,and his military achievements,forts construction,and promotion of the“Romanization”and urbanization of Britain were not as notable as those recorded in his biography,and his governorship was not necessarily the most important period of Britain governorship.In the process of writing and studying ancient history,it is easy to fall into the“trap”that the number of historical materials and the historical status are not equal.On the basis of criticizing handed down documents,it is possible to get closer to the historical“truth”by fully drawing on multiple historical materials such as archaeology,inscriptions and coins.

关 键 词：阿古利可拉 塔西佗 罗马不列颠 史料互证 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]