不同生态浮床对水体氮磷的净化效果及机理探讨  

Exploration on the Purification Effect and Mechanism of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water by Different Ecological Floating Beds

作　　者：成钰 陈永成 于鹏 张成硕 马晶晶[1] 王凯[1] 李红阳[1] CHENG Yu;CHEN Yong-cheng;YU Peng(Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224002)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第13期45-50,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国盐城渔业高质量发展研究课题(YCSCYJ2021029);2019年度江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所科研基金项目(YHS2019-06);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20191215)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同生态浮床对水体氮磷的净化效果及机理。[方法]通过构建空心菜-生物膜组合生态浮床,与对照组和空心菜浮床组比较对富营养化水体氮磷的去除效果,分析不同生态浮床的植物根系微生物的生物量、氮磷吸收量及去除贡献率,探讨生态浮床的氮磷去除机制。[结果]与空心菜浮床相比,组合生态浮床对氮磷污染物的去除效果更好,TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N平均去除率分别为71.35%、70.05%、83.17%、85.83%,较空心菜浮床提高了13.92%~21.08%;在氮磷去除过程中植物根系充当“载体”,富集大量的微生物,形成根系生物膜,而组合生态浮床根系生物膜的微生物生物量显著大于空心菜浮床(P<0.05),表明载体生物膜对植物根系微生物的富集和生长有显著促进作用;空心菜浮床和组合生态浮床中植物对氮磷的吸收量均有限,氮去除贡献率分别为25.56%、20.24%,磷去除贡献率分别为5.99%、4.18%,表明植物吸收作用不是浮床系统氮磷去除的主体。[结论]生态浮床对水体氮磷的去除主要依靠微生物转化作用,组合生态浮床的微生物生物量较大,可有效提高水质净化效果和系统稳定性。[Objective]To study the purification effect and mechanism of different ecological floating beds on nitrogen and phosphorus in water.[Method]A combined ecological floating bed(CEFB)was constructed by hanging packing biofilm under the roots of water spinach.By comparing the purification efficiency of the eutrophic wastewater by the CEFB with the water spinach floating-bed and the blank control group,and analysing the difference of the counts of bacteria in plant root,the removal contribution of plant absorption,the nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms of CEFB were explored.[Result]Compared with water spinach floating-bed,the removal efficiency of the CEFB on TN,TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N were 71.35%,70.05%,83.17%,85.83%,respectively.The removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were increased from 13.92%to 21.08%.The microbes in wastewater quietly multiply on the surface of plant roots and formed a biofilm in nitrogen and phosphorus removal.The microbial biomass on plant roots in group of CEFB was significantly larger than that of water spinach floating-bed(P<0.05),which indicated that packing biofilms of CEFB could promote microorganism growth and improve the microbial amounts on plant roots.In the CEFB system,the removal contribution of plant absorption on nitrogen and phosphorus was 25.56%and 5.99%,respectively,which in water spinach floating-bed was 20.24%and 4.18%,suggestting that plant absorption was not the main function of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.[Conclusion]Microbial conversion may be the main mechanism in reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus,and the large microbial biomass of CEFB could enhance purification efficiency and system stability.

关 键 词：生态浮床 生物膜 水体氮磷 净化效果 去除机制 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]