侨乡慈善之局限:1946年泰国华侨赈济潮汕粮荒行动探析  

The Limitations of Charity in Overseas Chinese Hometowns:An Analysis of the Actions of Overseas Chinese in Thailand to Relieve the Food Shortage in Chaoshan in 1946

作　　者：苏慕丹 Su Mudan

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京市100871

出　　处：《八桂侨刊》2024年第1期54-63,95,96,共12页Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度学科共建项目“解放初期广东沿海渔区基层政权建设研究(1949—1956)”(GD23XDS01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：华侨是潮汕慈善事业中至关重要的角色。1946年广东暴发严重粮荒,潮汕地区更是首当其冲,地方当局求助于在泰国米业中执牛耳之华侨。随后,泰国华侨积极筹募赈米运往潮汕,潮汕社会各界则合力进行放赈,双方以分工合作的模式共同推进赈济粮荒行动。然而,潮汕地区放赈活动的运行效率与方式,均有违泰国华侨的赈济初心。为纠正偏差,泰国华侨组织“监赈团”亲临潮汕,而其具体实践往往陷于无力。华侨与侨乡社会的互动难题及其本身力量的局限性,导致其善举所能发挥的作用颇为有限,这也反映出其时基层社会的运行弊病给侨乡慈善带来的局限。Overseas Chinese have an essential role in charity work in Chaoshan.In 1946,a severe food shortage broke out in Guangdong.Chaoshan area hit particularly hard.The local authorities turned to the overseas Chinese who were leading the rice industry in Thailand.And the latter actively collected rice donations and shipped them to Chaoshan,where later all sectors of the society worked together in relief distribution proceeding through cooperation and division of labour between both sides.However,the operation mode of relief distribution and its efficiency both turned out to be running counter to the intention of the overseas Chinese in Thailand.Therefore,they sent a“ Supervisory Group on Relief” to Chaoshan to correct the deviations,but to no avail.The difficulty in the interaction between overseas Chinese and the communities of their hometowns,as well as the limits to their power,led to a restricted role of their charitable acts,which also exposed the limitations of charity work in overseas Chinese hometowns imposed by the defects in the operation of the grassroots society at that time.

关 键 词：潮汕地区 粮荒 赈济 侨乡慈善 泰国华侨 

分 类 号：K266[历史地理—历史学] D634[历史地理—中国史]