基于超声动态舌形的普通话元音发音特点研究  

A Study on Pronunciation Characteristics of Mandarin Vowels based on Ultrasound Tongue Image

作　　者：谭亚鑫 沈向荣[1] Tan Yaxin;Shen Xiangrong(Key Laboratory on Language Intelligence,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学语言智能重点实验室,上海200233

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2024年第4期317-321,共5页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

摘　　要：目的基于超声动态舌形图研究拼音方案中元音字母的实际舌位,并提出针对性发音训练策略,以提高言语康复和教学质量。方法选取包含6个元音(a、o、e、i、u、ü)的45个发音材料(覆盖普通话所有韵母),招募16例20~25岁的普通话二甲以上的受试者,同步采集语音和超声舌形数据。处理数据时,首先用Praat进行音段标注,然后用AAA软件提取目标音段的舌形、上腭线的坐标,最后从语音教学的角度基于发音舌位对比,确定6个元音的实际舌位。结果元音a有[A]、[■]2种舌位,o有[o]1种舌位,e有[■]、[e]、[■]3种舌位,i有[i]、[■]、[■]3种舌位,u有[u]1种舌位,ü有[y]1种舌位,儿化元音是元音目标舌位后加卷舌动程。结论①韵母根据元音舌位统计分成11类,可以更准确系统地进行普通话元音舌位的教学和训练;②超声舌位数据为元音的发音学习提供可视化参照,比传统拼音方案教学更直观。Objective To accurately depict the actual tongue position of vowels in pinyin based on ultrasound tongue image(UTI),and accordingly propose targeted pronunciation training strategies to improve speech rehabilitation and teaching quality.Methods Forty-five pieces of pronunciation material containing the six vowels a,o,e,i,u,ü(covering all the rhymes in Mandarin)were selected,and 16 subjects aged 20~25 years old with a proficiency level of Mandarin 2A or above were recruited to collect speech and ultrasonic data simultaneously.When processing the data,segmental labelling was first performed with Praat,then AAA was used to extract the coordinates of the tongue shape and palatal line of the target segments.Finally,the actual tongue positions of the six pinyin letters were determined based on articulatory tongue position comparison.Results Vowel a has[A]and[■]2 types of tongue positions;o has[o]1 type of tongue position;e has[■],[e]and[■]3 types of tongue positions;i has[i],[■]and[■]3 types of tongue positions;u has[u]1 type of tongue position;andühas[y]1 type of tongue position.A retroflex vowel is a vowel target tongue position followed by a tongue curl stroke.Conclusion①The rhymes are classified into 11 categories,which allowing for a more accurate and systematic teaching.②The six vowel ultrasonic data provides a visual means for learning vowels,which is more intuitive than the traditional pinyin teaching.

关 键 词：普通话 元音 拼音字母 发音特点 超声舌形图 

分 类 号：H018.4[语言文字—语言学]