太阳塔高分辨率光谱观测系统研制与实验教学应用  

Development and experimental teaching application of the high-resolution spectral observation system of a solar tower

作　　者：张记成 孙英姿[3,4] 张文昭 高健[1,2] 邓元勇[3,4,5] 王东光[3,4] 张洋[3,4] 王刚 王晓帆[3,4,5] 王建 王丙祥[3,4] 侯俊峰 陈洁[3,4] ZHANG Jicheng;SUN Yingzi;ZHANG Wenzhao;GAO Jian;DENG Yuanyong;WANG Dongguang;ZHANG Yang;WANG Gang;WANG Xiaofan;WANG Jian;WANG Bingxiang;HOU Junfeng;CHEN Jie(Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Department of Astronomy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学天文与天体物理前沿科学研究所,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学天文系,北京100875 [3]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [4]中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气重点实验室,北京100049 [5]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第6期132-142,共11页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12203005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2020NTST35);北京师范大学青年教师教学发展基金项目(2022110)。

摘　　要：该文以推进实测天文课程教学改革与提升天文实验教学质量为目标,对太阳塔硬件基础设施进行重新设计与系统优化,研制了一套太阳塔高分辨率光谱观测系统。该系统满足太阳光球、色球层特征谱线的高分辨观测需求,可达到研究太阳黑子和耀斑特性的观测精度。开放式的光路设计与模块化实验平台有助于学生将光学理论与天文实践相结合。文章设计“定标汞灯的光谱拍摄与谱线证认”和“太阳高分辨率光谱拍摄与谱线证认”两个实操型创新实验,从多重视角增进学生开展有关太阳科研的兴趣。实验将实践教学与科学研究充分结合,有效推动了天文实验类课程的教学改革。[Objective]As the closest star to Earth,the Sun is a natural laboratory for detailed exploration and research on stellar activities.Like all stars,the Sun is a massive sphere composed of highly ionized gases that emit light based on its energy.Solar activities directly impact the spatial environment between the Sun and Earth as well as the habitability of our planet.Research on the Sun contributes to a comprehensive understanding of this celestial body.Therefore,more than 60 years ago,enthusiastic young scholars at Beijing Normal University overcame the lack of materials to build the first solar tower in New China.The solar tower has a vertical depth of approximately 20 meters.However,this original old observation system can no longer function effectively,owing to long-term disrepair.To reform the teaching of observational astronomy courses and enhance the quality of astronomical experimental teaching,researchers conducted on-site feasibility assessments and analyses.Subsequently,they redesigned and systematically optimized the existing hardware infrastructure of a solar tower. By leveraging the tower’s long optical path, large aperture, and focal length, which are conducive to high-resolution solar spectroscopy observations, a new high-resolution solar spectroscopy observation system was successfully developed. The system consists of five subsystems: astronomical dome system, tracking mirror system, imaging optical system, grating spectrometer system, and detector system. Equipped with a GPS device, the dome system achieves a tracking accuracy exceeding 1°, rotating to follow the changing solar azimuth when the dome window is open. The dome can switch between automatic tracking (for the conventional observation mode) and manual control (for the debugging and maintenance modes). The tracking mirror system is equipped with real-time adjustment capabilities to compensate for the daily apparent motion of the sun and annual variation in solar declination. The imaging optical system employed a design featuring a lo

关 键 词：太阳塔 高分辨率光谱观测 实验创新 教学改革 

分 类 号：P111.41[天文地球—天文学]