公司监督机制中“人缘同构性”的制度解构  

The Deconstruction of the “Homogeneity of Personal Connections” in Company Supervision Mechanism

作　　者：陈嘉白 Chen Jiabai

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第4期126-137,共12页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD820018)“法治化营商环境建设法律问题研究”;清华大学“水木学者”计划。

摘　　要：公司的治理结构中,存在着董事与监事、执行董事与独立董事之间的“人缘同构性”,其基本由同一股东或股东群体所选任,由此形成公司监督机制上“自己人监督自己人”的局面。这是监事“形骸化”、独立董事“花瓶化”在人际关系上的根本原因。虽然本次《公司法》修改进一步强化了公司监督机制,但对于“人缘同构性”问题,仍须根据《公司法》扩大公司的自治空间,通过《公司法》的立法精神和规则示范引导下的制度创新予以有效解决。导致公司治理结构中“人缘同构性”的制度原因是资本多数决规则的无差别应用。虽然资本多数决应用于公司经营决策机制具有合理性,但并不等于其应用于公司监督机制也有合理性,因为这两种机制在运行目标、价值取向上有根本区别。应当在公司监督机制形成上以“人头多数决”规则取代资本多数决规则,使董事与监事、执行董事与独立董事分别由不同的股东或股东群体选任,以解构“人缘同构性”来达致公司监督机制的实质独立性,从而实现公司监督机制的实效性。In the corporate governance structure,there exists a “human isomorphism” between directors and supervisors,executive directors and independent directors,who are basically elected by the same shareholders or groups of shareholders,which creates a situation of “one's own people supervising one's own people” in the company's supervisory mechanism.This is the fundamental reason for the “skeletonization” of supervisors and the “vaseisation” of independent directors in terms of interpersonal relationships.Although the revision of the Company Law has further strengthened the supervision mechanism of the company,the problem of “human isomorphism” still has to be effectively solved through the system innovation guided by the legislative spirit and rules demonstration of the Company Law in accordance with the increased space of corporate autonomy of the Company Law.The institutional cause of the “isomorphism” in the corporate governance structure is the non-discriminatory application of the capital majority rule.Although it is reasonable to apply the capital majority rule to the company's business decision-making mechanism,it does not mean that it is reasonable to apply it to the company's supervisory mechanism,because there is a fundamental difference between the two mechanisms in terms of their operational objectives and value orientations.Should be in the formation of the company's supervisory mechanism to “head of the majority” rule to replace the capital majority rule,so that the directors and supervisors,executive directors and independent directors were elected by different shareholders or groups of shareholders,in order to deconstruct the “isomorphism of the human” to achieve the company's In order to deconstruct the “isomorphism of persons” and achieve the substantial independence of the supervisory mechanism,so as to realize the effectiveness of the supervisory mechanism of the company.

关 键 词：公司监督 监事 人缘同构性 资本多数决 人头多数决 

分 类 号：D913.99[政治法律—民商法学]