科学与政策接口(SPI)的基本特征和研究实践  

Basic Characteristics and Development Status of the Science-policy Interface

作　　者：魏伟珍 张冬荣[1,2] Wei Weizhen;Zhang Dongrong(National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院信息资源管理系,北京100190

出　　处：《智库理论与实践》2024年第3期29-39,共11页Think Tank:Theory & Practice

摘　　要：[目的/意义]科学研究应充分参与和有效支撑政策制定已成为共识,但从认知到实践,却仍然存在知识结构、沟通渠道、流程规范等阻碍因素,科学与政策接口(science-policy interfaces,SPI)为构建结构良好的科学和政策互动关系提供了新的研究视角。[方法/过程]通过文献调研探究SPI的基本特征和发展现状,梳理理论发展脉络和概念内涵,基于SPI核心要素和关系模式分析对其运作方式进行阐释,以影响广泛的2项实践案例剖析SPI的具体实现效果和价值。[结果/结论]SPI的基本特征表现为对多种参与主体和复杂互动关系的关注,通过边界组织的信息收集和知识转化功能来弥合科研人员与政府决策者之间知识储备及需求表达的差距,将研究层次由问题描述导向至基于案例的方案预设和规则建立,与当前循证决策研究的方法和目标充分契合,从而超越了当前对科学与政策间单向互动的“线性模式”的反思研究,推动实践转变为双向可持续互动的“交互模式”或“共同生产模式”。SPI可为科学研究参与支撑政策制定的实践探索提出新的建议和发展方向,包括知识基础设施建设、工具和技能提升、文化和本土要素纳入、投资和主题指导、科学外交和多层合作等多个方面。[Purpose/Significance]It is widely accepted that scientific research should underpin policy formulation,however,obstacles such as cognitive gaps,knowledge structures,communication channels,and process norms persist.The science-policy interface(SPI)provides a new perspective for structuring effective interactions between science and policy.[Method/Process]Through a literature review,this article explores the fundamental characteristics and current status of SPI,tracing its theoretical development and conceptual underpinnings.By analyzing the core elements and re-lational patterns of SPI,this paper elucidates its operational mechanisms.Furthermore,two widely influential practical cases are examined to assess the specific implementation effects and value of SPI.[Result/Conclusion]The analysis re-veals that SPI is characteristized by its focus on multiple participants and complex interactive relationships.The knowl-edge and demand gaps between scientific researchers and policymakers are bridged through the information collection and knowledge transformation functions of boundary organizations.Research methods have shifted from mere problem description to case-based scheme development and rule establishment,aligning with the principles of evidence-based decision-making.This shift transcends the“linear model”of one-way interaction between science and policy,advancing towards an“interactive model”or“co-production model”of sustainable,two-way sustainable interaction.SPI research offers new suggestions and developmental directions for the practical integration of science into policy formulation.These include the construction of knowledge infrastructure,enhancement of tools and skills,increased research invest-ment and thematic guidance,promotion of science diplomacy,and facilitation of multi-level cooperation.

关 键 词：科学与政策接口 SPI 共同生产 边界组织 循证决策 

分 类 号：C934[经济管理—管理学]