资源型缺水城市绿地灌溉需水量预测——以天津中心城区绿地为例  

Prediction of Irrigation Water Demandby Green Spaces in Resource-based Water Scarce Cities:A Case Study of Green Spaces in the City Core of Tianjin

作　　者：韩舒先 王冰玉 史琰[1] Han Shuxian;Wang Bingyu;Shi Yan(School of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2024年第3期126-131,共6页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金一般项目(LY19C160007)。

摘　　要：为探究资源型缺水严重地区的绿地灌溉需水量,对未来绿地规划、水资源管理和保障城市供水安全提供科学指导,文章以绿化用水量与城市水供给之间矛盾特别突出的天津为例,通过气候学方法评估天津绿地灌溉需水量,结合情景模拟方法分析气候变化和绿地植物比例对灌溉需水量的影响。结果表明:天津绿地5-7月需水量最大,约占全年总需水量的46%,4、5月份需水量与降水量差额较大,需要靠人工灌溉补充水分来满足其需要;天津建成区绿地年灌溉需水量逐年增加,2020年绿地灌溉需水量为8 000.6万m^(3),预测2030年绿地灌溉需水量为15 400.5万m^(3),大约是2020年绿地灌溉需水量的2倍,将加剧天津的水资源压力;天津典型绿地类型中,公园绿地灌溉需水量最大,且乔灌型绿地耗水明显比纯草型绿地耗水少。因此,面对城市水资源短缺的形势,在城市绿地景观配置设计中应尽量减少纯草坪景观的推广应用,在实际绿地灌溉之前应对不同植物配置模式下的绿地灌溉用水量作出预设。In order to estimate the green spaces'demand for irrigation water in resources-based water scarce city and provide science-based guidance on future planning for green spaces,water resources management and water security in urban areas,the paper takes Tianjin,a city much challenged by particularly prominent contradictions between the water demand of green spaces and the water supply,as the case study,to evaluate the irrigation water demand of green spaces using climatological methods and analyze the impact of climate change and the proportion of plants in green spaces on irrigation water demand using the scenario simulation method.The results show that the green spaces in Tianjin pose the largest demand for water from May to July,accounting for 46%of the annual water demand,and the difference between water demand and precipitation in April and May is large,which needs the artificial water replenishment.The annual water demand of green spaces in the built-up areas of Tianjin has been increasing year by year.The water demand in 2020 is 806,000 m^(3),and it is predicted that the water demand in 2030 will be almost doubled to 1.55 million m^(3),which will aggravate the water pressure in Tianjin.Among the typical types of green spaces in Tianjin,park green spaces have the largest demand for irrigation water,and arbor-shrub dominated green spaces have obviously less demand for water than turf dominated green spaces.Hence,to address the water shortage in cities,the turf landscape should be avoided in the landscape configuration design for urban green spaces,and the irrigation water demand of green spaces under different plant configuration models should be estimated before the irrigation.

关 键 词：园林灌溉 智慧管理 可持续景观 天津 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]