微流控制备包覆含能材料模拟物的核壳结构微球  

Microfluidic Fabrication of Core-Shell Structured Microspheres for Encapsulation of Energetic Materials Simulant

作　　者：刘静[1] 吕英迪[2,3] 刘建行 杨文博 陶胜洋 LIU Jing;LYU Ying-di;LIU Jian-hang;YANG Wen-bo;TAO Sheng-yang(School of Chemistry&State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals&Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials&Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Chemistry,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024,China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi′an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化学学院&精细化工重点实验室&智能材料化工前沿科学中心&大连市智能化学重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [3]西北工业大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第6期506-512,I0003,共8页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22372025,No.22272017);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.DUT22LAB607)。

摘　　要：基于简单的生产单重乳液的液滴微流控技术,结合相分离和结晶固化的方法,制备出具有对硝基苯甲醛(p-NBA)核层和聚苯乙烯(PS)壳层的核壳结构微球,一步完成了对高能炸药3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)的模拟物p-NBA的包覆;通过调控p-NBA、PS以及赋形剂乙基纤维素(EC)的含量配比,可以得到不同结构和形貌的微球,并研究了上述因素对核壳结构微球的影响;基于高能炸药DNTF的包覆钝化效果和包覆量双重条件,在使用大相对分子质量(M r=300000~350000)PS情况下,得出最佳实验条件为:EC和p-NBA质量比为1∶10,PS质量分数为8%。结果表明,赋形剂的添加有助于促进p-NBA的结晶,使其能够在液滴相分离的时候形成球形颗粒,从而被完整包覆;PS在微液滴中的初始质量分数越大,形成的壳层越厚、球形度越高,但封装DNTF的壳层越厚,爆炸威力会降低。Based on a simple droplet microfluidic technology to produce a single emulsion,the core-shell microspheres with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde(p-NBA)as nuclear layer and polystyrene(PS)as shell layer were prepared,combined with phase separation and crystallization solidification.The p-NBA was coated in one step as the analog of 3,4-dinitrotrifluorotoluene(DNTF).The microspheres with different structures and morphologies were obtained by adjusting the ratio of p-NBA,PS and the shaping agent ethyl cellulose(EC).The influence of above factors on the structures of core-shell microspheres was studied.Based on the double conditions of coating passivation effect and coating amount of high energy explosive DNTF,the optimal experimental conditions were obtained when using PS with large molecular weight(M r=300000—350000):the mass ratio of EC and p-NBA is 1∶10,and the mass fraction of PS is 8%.The results show that the addition of excipients can promote the crystallization of p-NBA and allow it to form spherical particles when the droplet phase is separated,then it can be completely coated.The larger the initial mass fraction of PS in the microdroplet,the thicker the shell layer and the higher the sphericity.However,the thicker the shell encapsulated with DNTF,the lower the detonation power.

关 键 词：物理化学 微流控 核壳结构 微球 对硝基苯甲醛(p-NBA) 乙基纤维素(EC) DNTF 赋形剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]