蔬菜根系土壤硒镉含量与理化性质关系研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Selenium and Cadmium Content and Physical and Chemical Properties of Vegetable Root Soil

作　　者：王丽[1] 蒋亚 王迎康 刘桂华[1] 柴冠群 范成五[1] WANG Li;JIANG Ya;WANG Yingkang;LIU Guihua;CHAI Guanqun;FAN Chengwu(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guanshanhu District Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]观山湖区农业农村局,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第12期66-72,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：贵州省土壤肥料研究所成果培育资助项目(黔土肥成果[2022]2号);贵州省土壤肥料研究所技术储备资助项目(黔土肥技术[2022]6号);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD1901505)。

摘　　要：以贵州省观山湖区土壤-蔬菜协同样为试材,采用调查采样方法,研究了蔬菜硒镉、土壤硒镉含量及主要理化性质,进一步了解蔬菜硒镉富集情况,明确主要土壤理化指标与土壤硒镉含量的关系,以期为富硒土壤资源的综合利用提供参考依据。结果表明:在各级理化性质分级下,土壤(0~20 cm)全硒平均含量均高于富硒土壤标准(0.4 mg·kg^(-1));采集的46件蔬菜样品镉含量均未超过食品安全国家标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2022)限量值,超标率为0%,镉的安全性较高,硒含量均未检出。土壤理化性质对硒、镉的地球化学行为有重要影响,土壤有机质、pH、碱解氮与土壤硒含量呈显著相关关系,土壤速效钾与土壤镉含量呈极显著相关关系,土壤有机质、pH、碱解氮与土壤硒之间分别呈幂函数、指数函数、线性函数关系,土壤速效钾与土壤镉含量之间呈线性函数关系。研究区存在“土壤富硒作物不富硒”的问题,究其原因是土壤总硒与有效硒的关系不明确,因此在今后的研究中探究土壤中硒的形态特征及生物有效性对富硒农产品的稳定生产具有重要意义。Taking the soil-vegetable association in Guanshanhu District of Guizhou Province as the test material,the selenium(Se)and cadmium(Cd)content of vegetables,the Se and Cd content of soil and the main physical and chemical properties were studied by using the method of investigation and sampling to further understand the enrichment of Se and Cd in vegetables,the relationship between the main soil physical and chemical indexes and the content of Se and Cd in soil was clarified,in order to provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of Se-rich soil resource.The results showed that under the classification of physical and chemical properties at all levels,the average content of total Se in soil(0-20 cm)was higher than the standard of selenium-enriched soil(0.4 mg·kg^(-1)).Among the 46 collected vegetable samples,the Cd content did not exceed the limit specified by the National Food Safety Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Food(GB2762-2022),and the exceedance rate was 0%.The safety level for Cd was considered high,and the Se content was not detected.Soil physical and chemical properties had a significant impact on the geochemical behavior of Se and Cd.Soil organic matter,pH,and AN were significantly correlated with soil Se content,while soil available potassium was highly correlated with soil Cd content.The relationships between soil organic matter,pH,and AN with soil Se content were demonstrated as a power function,exponential function,and linear function,respectively.The relationship between soil available potassium and soil Cd content was demonstrated as a linear function.The problem of‘Se-rich soil not resulting in Se-rich crops’was observed in the study area,which was attributed to the unclear relationship between total Se and available Se in the soil.Therefore,exploring the morphological characteristics and bioavailability of Se in soil is of great significance for the stable production of Se-rich agricultural products in future research.

关 键 词：土壤 蔬菜 全硒 全镉 理化性质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]