基于中药超分子化学初探麻杏石甘汤中石膏先煎入药的科学内涵  

Based on supramolecular chemistry to explore the scientific connotation of predecocting gypsum in Maxingshigan decoction preliminarily

作　　者：张瑶芝 姚舒畅 杨璐平 赵一航 徐安琪 黄雪梅 王鹏龙[1] ZHANG Yao-zhi;YAO Shu-chang;YANG Lu-ping;ZHAO Yi-hang;XU An-qi;HUANG Xue-mei;WANG Peng-long(School of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京102488

出　　处：《药学学报》2024年第6期1828-1840,共13页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274072);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(7242221);中央高校基金科研业务项目(2023-JYB-JBZD-049,2024-JYB-XJSJJ004,2022-XJ-KYQD-008);国家级高层次青年人才支持计划.

摘　　要：中药生石膏先煎入药逐渐成为行业共识,但自古至今医家著作中关于其煎煮方法的认识并不完全统一,现代关于其是否有必要先煎也偶有争议。本研究通过对麻杏石甘汤以生石膏为中心的拆方药对及全方的先煎、共煎物进行汤剂相态观察、物理化学表征、有机和无机成分定性定量分析研究,初步探讨生石膏先煎入药的科学内涵。结果表明,通过对甘草−石膏(Gancao-Shigao,GC-SG)、麻黄−石膏(Mahuang-Shigao,MH-SG)、杏仁−石膏(Xingren-Shigao,XR-SG)3个药对各自的先煎、共煎物进行对比研究,发现二者汤剂相态不同;药对及全方(Quanfang,QF)的微观形貌、粒径及电位结果显示先煎物较共煎物中的超分子颗粒以更小、更均匀和更稳定的状态存在;液质结果显示石膏先煎与否对有机成分的组成及含量影响较小;ICP-OES结果显示同样的生石膏煎煮时间,先煎中无机成分含量较共煎高;IR结果显示先煎物具有较共煎物更明显的化学官能团相互作用。综上所述,生石膏先煎的汤剂较共煎汤剂存在相态和化学成分间相互作用的不同,无机成分差异是影响相态变化的重要物质基础,表明石膏是否先煎,中药汤剂物质基础确有不同,该研究可为生石膏先煎入药的临床应用提供依据。It has gradually become a consensus in the industry that the traditional Chinese medicine gypsum should be decocted first,but the understanding of decocting method is not completely unified in the works of doctors since ancient times,and there are occasional disputes about whether it is necessary to decocting first.In this study,the phase determination,physical and chemical characterization,qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic components of the decoctions of herbal pairs and the whole prescription Maxingshigan decoction with gypsum as the center,and the pre-decoctions and co-decoctions of them were carried out to explore the scientific connotation of the pre-decoctions of gypsum.Results show that decoction phases were different between the co-decoctions and pre-decoctions of licorice-gypsum(Gancao-Shigao,GC-SG),ephedra-gypsum(Mahuang-Shigao,MH-SG)and almond-gypsum(Xingren-Shigao,XR-SG).The results of the micromorphology,particle size and zeta potential of herbal pairs and prescription(Quanfang,QF)showed that the supramolecular particles in pre-decoctions were smaller,more uniform and more stable than the co-decoctions.The results of organic components analysis showed that different cooking methods did not change the organic composition and content.ICP-OES results showed that the content of inorganic components in pre-decoctions was higher than in co-decoctions for the same boiling time of gypsum.The IR results showed that the pre-decoctions had stronger chemical functional group effect than the co-decoctions.To sum up,compared with the co-decoction,the predecoction of gypsum has different phase state and chemical composition interaction,and the difference of inorganic composition is an important material basis affecting the change of phase state compared with the co-decoction.It indicates that the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine decoction is indeed different whether gypsum is decocted first or not,which can provide a basis for the clinical application of decocted gypsum.

关 键 词：麻杏石甘汤 矿物药 生石膏 超分子 先煎 相互作用 

分 类 号：R928[医药卫生—药学]