世界优秀女子柔道大级别运动员得分技术运用的灰色关联度分析--以2023年多哈世界柔道锦标赛女子+78公斤级为例  

Grey Relational Analysis of Scoring Technique Application by Elite Female Judo Athletes in Heavyweight Categories--A Case Study of Female Athletes in the+78 kg Category at the 2023 Doha

作　　者：王洁 张寅凯 WANG Jie;ZHANG Yin-kai(Sports Coaching College,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;China Wushu School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学中国武术学院,北京100084

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2024年第3期99-105,共7页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:20221025、2023079)。

摘　　要：柔道作为技能主导类对抗性项群,技术是项目的核心要素。以2023年多哈世界柔道锦标赛女子+78公斤级运动员的得分技术特征为研究对象,首次将灰色关联分析法引入柔道项目的技术分析中,将决定比赛胜负的技术运用成功率作为参照对象,探索不同技术指标运用成功率对比赛胜负的影响程度。研究过程中主要运用录像观察法、数理统计法展开研究。女子+78公斤级运动员在比赛中以运用投技技术得分为主,其中足技和手技的得分率最高。背负投、大外刈和大内刈技术运用得分率位列全部技术类别得分前三位。通过灰色关联分析可知该级别运动员足技、腰技技术运用成功率与总成功率的关联度最密切;在足技技术中,小内刈、大外刈和膝车的排序较高;在手技技术中,背负投的排序第一;在腰技技术中,扫腰的关联度排序略高于大腰;在舍身技中,外卷入、谷落和横车关联度排序较高;固技技术中袈裟固和横四方固的关联度一致。建议我国教练团队针对各类别关联度较高的技术给予高度重视,针对相关技术制定不同的训练方案,以提升我国柔道项目的综合实力。As a skill-oriented competitive sport,judo relies heavily on techniques as its core element.Taking the scoring technique characteristics of female athletes in the+78 kg category at the 2023 Doha World Judo Championships as the research object,this study introduces the grey relational analysis method into the technical analysis of judo for the first time.It explores the impact of the success rates of different technical indicators on the outcome of matches by taking the success rates of technical applications that determine the outcome of matches as the reference object.The research mainly utilizes video observation and mathematical statistics methods.In competitions,female athletes in the+78 kg category mainly score through throwing techniques,with the highest scoring rates being for foot techniques and hand techniques.The techniques of"back throw,""large outside sweep,"and"large inside sweep"rank the top three in terms of scoring rates among all technical categories.Through grey relational analysis,it is found that the success rates of foot techniques and waist techniques used by athletes in this category are most closely related to the overall success rate.Among foot techniques,"small inside sweep,""large outside sweep,"and"knee wheel"rank higher;in hand techniques,"back throw"ranks first;in waist techniques,the correlation degree of"sweep waist"is slightly higher than that of"large waist";in sacrifice techniques,"outside roll-in,""valley fall,"and"horizontal cartwheel"rank higher;in holding techniques,the correlation degrees of"kesa-gatame"and"yoko-shikata-gatame"are the same.It is recommended that the coaching team in China attach great importance to techniques with high correlation degrees in various categories and develop different training programs for related techniques to enhance the overall strength of China's judo program.

关 键 词：女子柔道 得分技术运用 灰色关联分析法 重量级 

分 类 号：G886[文化科学—体育训练]