N^(+)和Ar^(+)注入红三叶种子的诱变效应研究  

A study of the mutagenic effect in red clover induced by N^(+)and Ar^(+)

作　　者：张鹤山[1] 陆姣云 朱伟 田宏[1] 熊军波[1] 吴新江[1] 刘洋[1] ZHANG He-shan;LU Jiao-yun;ZHU Wei;TIAN Hong;XIONG Jun-bo;WU Xin-jiang;LIU Yang(Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xianning 437100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,湖北省动物胚胎及分子育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [2]咸宁市农业科学院,湖北咸宁437100

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第7期160-171,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新中心(2021-620-000-001-021);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：离子注入技术是创制植物新种质的有效手段。为探究离子注入红三叶的诱变效应,以不同注入能量和剂量的N^(+)(能量30或50 keV,剂量5×10^(14)或5×10^(15)ions·cm^(-2),分别记为N3014、N3015、N5014、N5015)和Ar^(+)(能量30或50 keV,剂量5×10_(14)ions·cm^(-2),分别记为Ar3014和Ar5014)注入“鄂牧5号”红三叶种子,研究种子诱变后的萌发特征和生物学特性,并通过株高、单株分枝数、单株花序数、花序小花数、叶片长度、叶片宽度、花序长度以及花序宽度等农艺性状对诱变单株进行变异分析。结果表明,离子注入后红三叶种子表皮具有明显的“灼伤”现象,种皮颜色变成黑褐色。相比于对照,Ar3014处理下发芽率指标值略有提高,处理N3014和N3015的发芽率指标值略有降低,但与对照均差异不显著。N5014处理显著降低了种子发芽率(P<0.05),比对照低约10%,处理N5015和Ar5014发芽率更是降低超过30%(P<0.05)。注入能量为30 keV的2个N^(+)处理显著增加了胚根体积和胚根长度(P<0.05)。经离子诱变的种子(M_(1)代)种植后生产M_(2)代种子,依次生产M_(3)和M_(4)代种子。M_(2)代植株各性状平均值显著低于对照(P<0.05),但表现出更大的性状变异特征,为进一步筛选突变材料奠定基础。50 keV的N^(+)和Ar^(+)诱变处理具有更大的诱变效应,但主要是不利突变。红三叶适宜的N^(+)诱变能量为30 keV,剂量为5×10^(14)~5×10^(15)ions·cm^(-2)。经过4个世代选育,获得8个性状稳定并具有潜在利用价值的M_(4)代突变体材料,为红三叶诱变育种提供基础资料。Ion implantation technology is an effective means to create new plant germplasm lines.In order to explore the biological effect on red clover(Trifolium pratense)induced by ion implantation,the seeds of T.pratense cv.‘Emu 5’were implanted with N^(+)ions at energies of 30 or 50 keV and doses of 5×10^(14) or 5×10^(15) ions·cm^(-2)(N3014,N3015,N5014 or N5015,respectively)or Ar^(+)ions with energies of 30 or 50 keV and a dose of 5×10^(14) ions·cm^(-2)(Ar3014 and Ar5014,respectively).The germination characteristics and biological characteristics of irradiated seeds were studied and the variation in agronomic traits,including plant height,branch number per plant,flower number per plant,flower number per inflorescence,leaf length,leaf width,inflorescence length and inflorescence width,was analyzed.We found that the epidermis of red clover seed displayed an obvious‘burn’phenomenon after ion implantation,and the color of seed coat changed from yellowish brown to black-brown.Compared to control(CK),the Ar3014 treatment numerically increased seed germination,while the N3014 and N3015 treatments numerically decreased seed germination;however,these trends were not statistically significant.The N5014 treatment significantly decreased germination by approximately 10% compared to CK and the N5015 and Ar5014 treatments both significantly decreased germination by more than 30%.Radicle volume and length were both significantly increased,compared to CK,by the two N30 irradiation treatments.The irradiated seeds(M_(1) generation)were grown and allowed to set seed,which was also grown to produce an M_(2) generation.This cycle was repeated twice more to produce M_(3) and M_(4) generation seeds.The mean values of measured traits in M_(2) generation plants were usually significantly lower than those in CK plants(P<0.05),but showed greater character variation among mutagenic plants,which provided a basis for further screening of mutant materials.N^(+)and Ar^(+)mutagenic treatments at energies of 50 keV showed greater mutagenic

关 键 词：红三叶 氮离子 氩离子 诱变 生物学效应 

分 类 号：S541.2[农业科学—作物学]