“生产-生活-生态”视角下国民幸福感的影响因素与形成机制  

The influencing factors and formation mechanism of national well-being from production-living-ecological perspective

作　　者：刘嘉航 尹春 孙斌栋[1,2] LIU Jiahang;YIN Chun;SUN Bindong(Research Center for China Administrative Division,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Future City Lab,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health(ISLE),Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国行政区划中心,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学未来城市实验室,上海200241 [3]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [4]武汉大学空间全生命周期健康国际研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《资源科学》2024年第5期910-923,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA049)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过分析国民幸福感的影响因素与形成机制,为各国政府制定针对性的国民幸福感提升策略提供参考依据。[方法]本文基于人类所依托的生产、生活、生态空间,从“三生”视角提出了国民幸福感分析框架,通过收集2005-2018年146个国家的国民幸福感汇总数据,在展示国民幸福感全球时空格局的基础上,使用双向固定效应模型和因果逐步检验方法分析了“三生”因素对国民幸福感的影响及其机制。[结果](1)国民幸福感呈现以欧洲北部、美洲北部和大洋洲为“高地”的三极分布特征,亚洲西部和南部以及非洲是其中的“洼地”;同时具有多元分化的趋势,且各大洲内部均存在明显差异。(2)生产因素中的收入基尼系数和生活因素中的失业率的增加导致了国民幸福感的下降,提高生活因素中的社会支持程度和生态因素中的人均国土绿化面积有利于提升国民幸福感。GDP增长率和收入基尼系数等生产因素在发展中国家的影响更大。(3)积极情绪和消极情绪是“三生”因素影响国民幸福感的中介因素。通货膨胀率、失业率、受教育年限和碳排放强度通过情绪变量与国民幸福感存在负向关联,社会支持程度、政府治理能力、少年人口抚养比和人均国土绿化面积对国民幸福感具有间接的正向影响。[结论]因此,中国需要坚持“生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好”的发展道路,有利于最大化国民福祉。[Objective]By analyzing the influencing factors of national well-being and its formation mechanism,this study aimed to provide a reference basis for governments to formulate targeted strategies to improve national well-being.[Methods]Based on the human’s production-livingecological space,this study proposed an analytical framework from the production-living-ecological perspective.Employing the aggregated national well-being data of 146 countries in 2005-2018,this study used the two-way fixed effects model and stepwise causality test to analyze the influence of production-living-ecological factors on national well-being and its mechanism.[Results]The results show that:(1)In the spatial dimension,the pattern of global national well-being is characterized by the tripolar distribution of northern Europe,northern America,and Oceania.Most western and southern Asian and African countries have low levels of national well-being;In the temporal dimension,global national well-being showed a trend towards diversification,and the temporal trends of national well-being varied obviously across countries within each continent.(2)Among production factors,a higher Gini index of income is detrimental to national well-being;Among living factors,social support promotes national well-being while the unemployment rate hinders national wellbeing;Among ecological factors,more land green area per capita is beneficial for national wellbeing.The GDP growth and Gini index of income have greater effect sizes in developing countries than in developed countries.(3)Positive and negative affect play mediation roles in the relationships between production-living-ecological factors and national well-being.Inflation rate,unemployment rate,years of education,and carbon emission intensity are negatively associated with national wellbeing through emotional variables,while social support,governance capacity of governments,childage dependency ratio,and land green area per capita have indirect and positive effects on national well-being.[Conclusion]Ther

关 键 词：国民幸福感 “三生”因素 积极情绪 消极情绪 形成机制 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理] D630[社会学]