美国强化对中国台湾半导体产业的控制:动机、路径、风险与应对  

The United States'Strengthening Control Over Taiwan's Semiconductor Industry:Motives,Paths,Risks and Countermeasures

作　　者：张洁[1] Zhang Jie

机构地区：[1]福建社会科学院现代台湾研究所

出　　处：《台湾研究》2024年第3期42-49,共8页Taiwan Studies

摘　　要：上世纪七、八十年代,西方新自由主义倡导的市场经济范式开启了新一轮全球化,但2008年的全球金融危机改变了全球化原有的微观基础及其所体现的权力均衡,加剧了美国的战略焦虑。美国为维护其霸权地位,将中国内地定义为体系和制度的竞争者,全球产业链在中美博奔的政治角力中重塑。其中以半导体为代表的战略性新兴产业成为美国对华博奔的焦点,拜登政府为维持美国在半导体产业的领先优势和既有利益,强化对台半导体产业的控制,胁追中国台湾半导体制造业赴美投资,并将其纳入美国主导的芯片四方联盟和多边出口管制体系,重塑以美国战略利益为核心的半导体产业链,此举不仅削弱了中国台湾半导体产业的自主性,强化了对美依附性,而且使中国内地半导体产业面临“脱钩断链”的风险。面对美国的围堵,中国内地需着力培育高质量半导体产业生态系统,培养集聚高层次半导体创新人才,拓展半导体科技的国际合作空间,以高水平自立自强加快推动半导体产业发展。In the 1970s and 1980s,the market economy paradigm advocated by Western neoliberalism triggered a new wave of globalization.However,the 2008 global financial crisis changed the micro-foundations of globalization and the power balance it embodied,exacerbating the United States'strategic anxiety.To maintain its hegemonic position,the US defines Chinese mainland as a systemic and institutional competitor,and the global supply chain is being reshaped amidst the political wrestling between China and the US.Strategic emerging industries,such as semiconductors,have become the focus of the US's competition with China.The Biden administration,in an attempt to maintain the US's leading advantage in the semiconductor industry,strengthen control over Taiwan's semiconductor industry,coerces Taiwan's semiconductor manufacturers to invest in the US,incorporating them into a US-led chip quadrilateral alliance and multilateral export control system.This creates a semiconductor supply chain centered on US strategic interests,not only weakening the autonomy of Taiwan's semiconductor industry but also exposing Chinese mainland semiconductor industry to the risk of"decoupling and disconnection."In the face of US containment,Chinese mainland needs to focus on cultivating a high-quality semiconductor industry ecosystem,fostering top-level semiconductor innovation talents,expanding international cooperation in semiconductor technology,and promoting the high-quality development of the semiconductor industry through self-reliance and self-improvement at a high level.

关 键 词：半导体产业链 产业控制 刷动机路径 圣风险 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] D827.58[政治法律—政治学]