逃离数据牢笼——美国高等教育界的排名抵制运动  

Escaping the Data Cage:The Ranking Resistance Movement in American Higher Education

作　　者：卢诗敏 孙碧 刘路瑶 LU Shimin;SUN Bi;LIU Luyao(School of Information Technology in Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631;School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育信息技术学院,广东广州510631 [2]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第6期34-44,共11页International and Comparative Education

摘　　要：20世纪80年代,《美国新闻与世界报道》排名作为学生择校信息服务诞生,因其能对大学施加不断强化的“自我实现预言”社会反应性机制,从而建立起“排名统治”般的影响效力。排名竞争催生出追求表面数据的提升,这一运作逻辑渗透于大学组织文化,使大学深陷“数据牢笼”,给大学管理带来干扰、焦虑和道德包袱。大学管理者对排名批评不断,并发起三轮抵制排名运动,但却未能终结“排名统治”。原因在于,大学的批判与抵制多限于宣示反排名姿态的“象征性抵制”,被《美国新闻与世界报道》的隐形惩罚、主动调整和拉拢等策略化解。排名抵制运动反而生产出更精致的排名规训权力,成为美国大学难以挣脱的牢笼。Since the birth of the"U.S.News&World Report"rankings in the 1980s as a popular college choice information service sweeping across America,it has established rankocracy due to its ability to exert an increasingly reinforcing"self-fulfilling prophecy"social reactivity mechanism on universities.This competitive ranking has fostered a"logic of quantification"in pursuit of superficial data enhancement,permeating university organizational culture and trapping universities in a"data cage".This situation creates endless management disturbances,anxiety,and moral burdens for universities.University administrators have continuously criticized this system and launched three rounds of ranking resistance movement,but have failed to end the rankocracy.The reason is that these criticisms and resistances are mostly limited to"symbolic resistance"of declaring its anti-ranking stances.They have been neutralized by the U.S.News'invisible punishments,strategic adjustments,and co-optation strategies.Consequently,the resistance movements have inadvertently produced a more refined ranking disciplinary power,becoming an inescapable cage for American universities.

关 键 词：大学排名 美国新闻与世界报道 数据牢笼 规训权力 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]