中国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行现况及影响因素分析  

Prevalence and influencing factors on food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China

作　　者：琚腊红 赵丽云 魏潇琪 房红芸 李佳玺 伍星星 许晓丽 蔡姝雅 公维一 于冬梅 Ju Lahong;Zhao Liyun;Wei Xiaoqi;Fang Hongyun;Li Jiaxi;Wu Xingxing;Xu Xiaoli;Cai Shuya;Gong Weiyi;Yu Dongmei(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;National Health Commision Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]国家卫生健康委员会微量元素与营养重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2024年第6期817-823,共7页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：国家重大公共卫生服务项目;中国营养学会营养科研基金-海普诺凯母婴营养科研专项基金(CNS-HPNK2022-40)。

摘　　要：目的描述我国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行情况,并探讨影响因素。方法数据来源于2016-2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取275个监测点开展营养健康监测。最终纳入70107名0~5岁儿童作为研究对象。以面对面问卷调查的方式收集调查对象的人口学特征和食物过敏等相关信息。对数据经过复杂加权后计算食物过敏患病率,采用logistic回归模型分析食物过敏患病率相关的影响因素。结果0~5岁儿童食物过敏自报患病率为4.81%,其中,0~5月龄、6~23月龄婴幼儿以及2~5岁学龄前儿童的食物过敏自报患病率分别为0.81%、4.68%和5.26%。logistic分析结果提示,6月龄至5岁、城市、西南地区、头胎、大专及以上文化程度母亲的儿童食物过敏自报患病率较高。常见的过敏食物为虾类、禽蛋类、蟹贝类、水果、奶类和鱼类,食物过敏自报患病率分别为1.55%、1.25%、0.99%、0.97%、0.87%和0.86%。过敏儿童中对单一食物过敏的比例为69.85%。结论我国0~5岁儿童的食物过敏自报患病率随着年龄的增长而上升,常见的过敏食物为虾类、蟹贝类、鱼类、禽蛋类、奶类和水果等,大部分食物过敏儿童属于单一食物过敏。Objective To describe the prevalence of food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China and to explore related influencing factors.Methods Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 275 surveillance sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers programs in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)of China in 2016-2017.A total of 70107 participants aged 0-5 years were included in this study.The study collected information of participants'demographic characteristics and food allergies by face-to-face questionnaire.The prevalence of food allergy was analyzed,using the complex data weighting method.The logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to food allergy.Results The overall prevalence of self-reported food allergy among children aged 0-5 years was 4.81%.Prevalence rates in infants aged 0-5 months,and 6-23 months and preschool children aged 2-5 years were 0.81%,4.68%and 5.26%,respectively.The results of logistic analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between factors including children from 6 months to 5 years old,urban area,southwest area,first-born,mothers with college education or above,and the prevalence of food allergy in children.Shrimp,poultry eggs,crab shellfish,fruit,milk and fish appeared the common allergic foods in children aged 0-5 years,with prevalence rates of self-reported food allergy as 1.55%,1.25%,0.99%,0.97%,0.87%and 0.86%,respectively.The proportion of single food allergy in children with allergies was 69.85%.Conclusions Among children aged 0-5 years,the prevalence of self-reported food allergy increases with age,in China.Foods that is prone to allergies include fish,shrimp,crab,shellfish,poultry eggs,milk and fruits,etc.Most allergies were only caused by single food in children,under observation.

关 键 词：食物过敏 儿童 患病率 

分 类 号：R725.9[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]