水氮运筹影响高留残茬黑土稻田碳收支机理分析  

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Management on Carbon Budget in Black Soil Rice Fields with High Residual Stubble

作　　者：张作合 张忠学 龚振平[1,4] 薛里 周利军 吕项龙 ZHANG Zuohe;ZHANG Zhongxue;GONG Zhenping;XUE Li;ZHOU Lijun;LU Xianglong(Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Crop Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculure,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学作物学博士后科研流动站,哈尔滨150030 [2]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061 [3]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [4]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第6期294-302,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300303);绥化学院2021年科研启动基金项目(SQ21009);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费一般项目(YWF10236230215);黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310236041)。

摘　　要：为探明水氮运筹对稻田生态系统碳收支的影响,开展大田试验,设置浅湿干灌溉(D)和淹水灌溉(F)两种灌溉模式,及110kg/hm^(2)(当地施肥标准,N1)、99kg/hm^(2)(减氮10%,N2)和88kg/hm^(2)(减氮20%,N3)3个施肥水平,观测高留残茬稻田水稻收获后不同器官的干物质量及碳含量,同时监测稻田CO_(2)和CH4排放通量,计算水稻净初级生产力(NPP)和稻田净生态系统初级生产力(NECB)。结果表明:水氮运筹会影响稻株各器官干物质及碳含量,所有处理中DN2处理NPP最大(8918.02kg/hm^(2)),浅湿干灌溉模式各处理NPP均大于淹水灌溉模式,分别增加12.13%、36.73%、8.01%;浅湿干灌溉模式增加了稻田土壤呼吸的CO_(2)排放通量,减施氮肥则降低了CO_(2)排放通量,浅湿干灌溉减施氮肥降低了CH_(4)排放通量;两种灌溉模式下各处理CO_(2)和CH_(4)排放总量均随氮肥施用量减少而降低,淹水灌溉模式下各处理CH_(4)排放总量均显著高于浅湿干灌溉模式(P<0.05);各处理稻田生态系碳净收支均为正值,黑土区高留残茬稻田生态系统表现为碳“汇”,其中DN2处理NECB最高,为1950.96kg/hm^(2)。综合来看,浅湿干灌溉模式+减氮10%处理的稻田生态系统碳“汇”最强。研究可为寒地黑土保护提供理论参考和技术支撑。To investigate the impact of water and nitrogen management on the carbon budget of rice field ecosystems,field experiments were conducted,with two irrigation modes:dry-wet-shallow irrigation(D)and flooded irrigation(F),as well as three fertilization levels:110kg/hm^(2)(local fertilization standard,N1),99kg/hm^(2)(nitrogen reduction of 10%,N2),and 88kg/hm^(2)(nitrogen reduction of 20%,N3).The dry matter quality and carbon content of different organs of rice harvested in residual rice fields were observed,the CO_(2) and CH4 emissions fluxes from rice fields were simultaneously monitored,and the net primary productivity(NPP)of rice and the net ecosystem primary productivity(NECB)of rice fields were calculated.The results showed that water and nitrogen management would affect the dry matter and carbon content of various organs in rice plants.Among all treatments,the NPP of DN2 treatment was the highest(8918.02kg/hm^(2)),and the NPP of dry-wet-shallow irrigation mode was greater than that of flooded irrigation mode,increasing by 12.13%,36.73%,and 8.01%,respectively.The dry-wet-shallow irrigation mode increased the CO_(2) emission flux of rice field soil respiration,reduced the application of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the CO_(2) emission flux,and reduced the application of nitrogen fertilizer in dry-wet-shallow irrigation reduced the CH_(4) emission flux.The total emissions of CO_(2) and CH_(4) from each treatment under both irrigation modes dwere ecreased with the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer application.The total emissions of CH_(4) from each treatment under flooded irrigation mode were significantly higher than those under dry-wet-shallow irrigation mode(P<0.05).The net carbon budget of the rice field ecosystem under each treatment was positive,and the rice field ecosystem with high residual stubble in the black soil area showed a carbon“sink”,with the highest NECB of 1950.96kg/hm^(2) in the DN2 treatment.Overall,the carbon sink of the rice field ecosystem treated with dry-wet-shallow irrigation mode and 10

关 键 词：稻田 水氮运筹 净初级生产力 净生态系统初级生产力 碳收支 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S365