不同钾肥水平对设施桃品质、养分积累及产量的影响  

Effects of different potassium fertilizer levels on the quality,nutrient accumulation and yield of protected peach

作　　者：王雨 李永红[1] 李杰[1] 田启航 刘国俭[1] 陈湖[1] 常瑞丰[1] 王召元[1] WANG Yu;LI Yonghong;LI Jie;TIAN Qihang;LIU Guojian;CHEN Hu;CHANG Ruifeng;WANG Zhaoyuan(Changli Institute of Polomogy,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第7期89-102,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2023020102);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-CGS-6);热杂果现代种业科技创新团队项目(21326310D);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-30-Z-02);河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023130205)。

摘　　要：为探究钾肥对设施桃品质、养分积累及产量的综合调控作用,以设施桃优系‘C26-7-17’为试材,在氮磷肥比例为1∶0.5的基础上,按照0、0.5、1、1.5和2的质量比例设置5个硫酸钾水平,在果实成熟后测定果实品质、产量以及果实、枝条和叶片中矿质元素含量,对产量和不同部位的矿质元素含量进行相关性分析,并运用主成分分析法对果实品质进行综合评价,确定最适宜的钾肥用量。结果表明:氮磷肥混施条件下,增施钾肥显著提高了设施桃单果重、可溶性固形物、蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量,改善了果实着色,降低了可滴定酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸含量,显著提高了设施桃产量。增施钾肥增加了果实、枝条、叶片中K元素含量和枝条中的大部分矿质元素含量,但果实中除K元素外,大部分矿质元素含量降低。产量与叶片中磷、钾元素,与枝条中镁、磷元素含量显著正相关,与叶片氮、锰元素含量显著负相关;果实中各元素含量间显著正相关。对品质和产量指标进行综合评价得出NPK4处理(氮肥152 g/株、磷肥292 g/株、钾肥269 g/株)是本试验条件下最佳钾肥用量。In order to explore the comprehensive regulation effect of potassium on the quality,nutrient accumulation and yield of protected peach,the protected peach superior line C26-7-17 was used as the test material.On the basis of a nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer ratio of 1∶0.5,five levels of potassium sulfate were set according to the mass ratio of 0,0.5,1,1.5 and 2.After the fruit matured,the fruit quality,yield,and mineral element content in the fruits,branches and leaves were determined.Correlation analysis was carried out between the yield and the content of mineral elements in different parts.The comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality was conducted using principal component analysis to determine the optimal amount of potassium fertilizer.The results showed that:Under the condition of mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,the application of additional potassium fertilizer significantly increased the fruit weight,soluble solids,sucrose,fructose,and glucose content,improved fruit coloration,decreased the titratable acid,malic acid,tartaric acid and citric acid content,and significantly increased the yield of protected peach.The application of potassium fertilizer increased the K element content in the fruits,branches,leaves and most of the mineral element content in the branches.Except for K element,the content of most mineral elements in the fruit decreased;The yield was significantly positively correlated with the P and K elements in the leaves and the Mg and P elements in the branches,and significantly negatively correlated with the N and Mn elements in the leaves;The content of various elements in the fruit was significantly positively correlated.The comprehensive evaluation of quality and yield indicators showed that the NPK4 treatment(nitrogen fertilizer 152 g/plant,phosphate fertilizer 292 g/plant,potassium fertilizer 269g/plant)was the optimal amount of potassium fertilizer under the conditions of this experiment.

关 键 词：桃 设施栽培 钾肥 品质 产量 养分积累 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]