错株种植对密植夏玉米碳氮分配的影响  

Effects of staggered planting on carbon and nitrogen allocation of summer maize with close planting

作　　者：张美微[1] 穆蔚林 郭涵潇 李川[1] 张盼盼 何佳雯 牛军 乔江方[1] ZHANG Meiwei;MU Weilin;GUO Hanxiao;LI Chuan;ZHANG Panpan;HE Jiawen;NIU Jun;QIAO Jiangfang(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第7期139-147,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300805,2022YFD2300803);河南省科技攻关(242102110165);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC009)。

摘　　要：为探明错株种植方式对黄淮海地区密植夏玉米植株碳氮代谢的调控作用,以‘郑单958’为材料,设置6.75万(D_(1))、8.25万(D_(2))和9.00万株/hm^(2)(D_(3))3个密度水平,错株(S)和对株(CK)种植2种方式,测定植株氮素(N)和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的积累量、花前转运量、花前转运效率、花前转运对籽粒的贡献率、花后积累量以及收获指数。结果表明:1)增加种植密度可显著提高植株N和NSC的积累量、花前转运量和花后积累量,但降低了N和NSC转运效率及其对籽粒的贡献率(P<0.05);过高密植水平(D_(3))不利于籽粒中碳氮的积累和转运;其中,碳氮积累和转运量以D_(2)最高。2)错株种植(S)可显著增加夏玉米植株N和NSC的积累量,促进N和NSC花前的转运和花后的积累,并可显著提高花前N和NSC转运效率(P<0.05)。3)在各处理组合中,D_(2)S的N和NSC积累量、花前转运量和花后积累量均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),且D_(2)S的N和NSC转运效率及其对籽粒的贡献率与对照(D_(1)CK)相比并未显著下降。综上,黄淮海地区夏玉米在8.25万株/hm^(2)密植(D_(2))水平下采取错株(S)种植方式可显著提高整株的氮素和非结构性碳水化合物的积累,并促进其向籽粒的转运,获得较高的N、NSC收获指数和产量。In order to explore the effects of planting density and staggered planting on carbon and nitrogen allocation in summer maize,‘Zhengdan 958’was taken as the material.Three planting densities(D_(1) as 6.75×10^(4) plants/hm^(2),D_(2) as 8.25×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) and D_(3) as 9.00×10^(4) plants/hm^(2))and two panting patterns(CK as the parallel planting pattern and S as the staggered planting pattern)were set.The nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation in plant organs at both silking stage and maturity stage,translocation amount of pre-silking,translocation rate of pre-silking,contribution rate of translocation amount of pre-silking,and accumulation of post-silking for nitrogen and NSC were determined.The results showed that:1)Increasing planting density significantly increased the accumulation,pre-silking translocation and post-silking accumulation of nitrogen and NSC(P<0.05).Nevertheless,it significantly reduced nitrogen and NSC translocation efficiency and their contribution to grains(P<0.05).The high planting density of D_(3) was disadvantage to the accumulation and transport of carbon and nitrogen in grains(P<0.05).2)The S planting pattern significantly increased the nitrogen and NSC accumulation of plants,promoted the nitrogen and NSC pre-silking translocation and post-silking accumulation,improved NSC translocation efficiency(P<0.05).3)Among all combination treatments,the nitrogen and NSC accumulation,nitrogen and NSC pre-silking translocation and post-silking accumulation in combination D_(2)S were all higher than those in other combinations,and there was no significant decline in translocation rate of pre-silking and contribution rate of pre-silking translocation amount compared with D_(1)CK,which meant D_(2)S was the optimal planting pattern in this study(P<0.05).Therefore,under the planting level of 8.25×10^(4) plants/hm^(2) for summer maize planting in Huang-huai-hai area,adoption of staggered planting method can significantly increase the carbon and nitrogen accumulation,promote

关 键 词：夏玉米 错株种植 密植 氮素 非结构性碳水化合物 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]