边界层理论研究进展综述  

A review of the research progress of boundary layer theory

作　　者：陶智[1] 马遥 由儒全 李海旺[1] TAO Zhi;MA Yao;YOU RuQuan;LI HaiWang(Research Institute of Aero-Engine,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第6期979-1002,共24页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:52225602);北京市科技新星计划(编号:20220484129);北京市自然科学基金(编号:3222034)资助项目。

摘　　要：本文回顾了边界层理论提出至今120多年内的重要发展历程,梳理了边界层理论的发展脉络,总结了在边界层测试、边界层求解以及工程应用等方面的发展情况.Prandtl最开始提出的平板边界层理论从物理概念上解释了物体绕流的摩擦阻力现象,解决了困扰多年的d'Alembert悖论.随着航空工业的发展,人们开始对边界层流动稳定性理论、湍流边界层、可压缩边界层、高速边界层、温度边界层、旋转边界层等概念进行拓展研究.在求解边界层方面,诞生了级数解法、积分法、渐进展开法和差分法等经典的数值求解方法;随着工程应用的需求,也发展了半理论半经验的解析方法求解湍流边界层.在测试技术方面从最初的Preston管测试逐渐转变为以热线风速仪为主要测试手段.同时本文还从航空航天飞行器高速、旋转和强换热的特点,介绍了高超声速边界层、旋转边界层和温度边界层方面较为前沿的研究成果,供快速掌握边界层理论的发展历程和今后的发展方向.In this paper,the important development process of boundary layer theory in the past over 120 years is reviewed,the development of boundary layer theory is sorted out,and the development in boundary layer measuring and testing technique,boundary layer solution,and engineering application is summarized.Prandtl first proposed the theory of flat plate boundary layer,which explained the frictional resistance phenomenon of the flow around the object from the physical concept,and solved the d’Alembert paradox which had been puzzling for many years.With the development of aviation industry,people began to expand the research on the stability theory of boundary layer flow,turbulent boundary layer,compressible boundary layer,high-speed boundary layer,temperature boundary layer,rotating boundary layer and other concepts.In the aspect of solving boundary layer equations,some classical numerical methods such as series solution,integral method,asymptotic expansion method and difference method have been developed.In recent years,with the needs of engineering applications,semi-theoretical and semi-empirical analytical methods have been developed to solve turbulent boundary layer.In terms of measuring and testing techniques,the initial Preston tube test has gradually changed to the hot-wire anemometer as the main test means.At the same time,from the characteristics of high speed,rotation and strong heat transfer of aerospace vehicles,this paper also introduces the relatively advanced research results in hypersonic boundary layer,rotational boundary layer and temperature boundary layer,so as to quickly grasp the development history and future development direction of boundary layer theory.

关 键 词：边界层 高超声速 旋转 温度 研究进展 

分 类 号：V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]