历史唯物主义与社会进化论关系之辨——评哈贝马斯对历史唯物主义的诠释与重建  

The Relation to Historical Materialism and Social Evolution--Review of Habermas'Interpretation and Reconstruction of Historical Materialism

作　　者：李文豪 Li Wenhao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论界》2024年第6期30-36,共7页Theory Horizon

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“美好生活视域下劳动幸福观的价值哲学研究”(21CZX059)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在马克思主义发展史上,关于历史唯物主义与社会进化论关系问题的讨论由来已久且争论不断。哈贝马斯认为,历史唯物主义在新社会进化论的创建中具有纲领性意义。通过考察晚期资本主义社会的现实历史与反思历史唯物主义的传统阐释框架,哈贝马斯以“重建历史唯物主义”的理论名义建构了交往行为理论框架下的社会进化论。但这种“重建”放弃了历史唯物主义的理论原则,既无法为现代社会的历史演变提供真正的理论分析框架,也未能成功建构历史唯物主义的全新阐释框架。这一“重建”的失败表明,历史唯物主义作为通达社会历史本质性内容的历史科学,不能被消解为社会进化论。The question of the relationship between historical materialism and the theory of social evolution has long been and debated in the history of Marxist development.According to Habermas,historical materialism holds programmatic significance in constructing a new theory of social evolution.By examining the concrete history of late capitalist society and reflecting on the traditional framework of historical materialism,Habermas constructs a theory of social evolution within the framework of communicative action in his theoretical setting called'reconstructing historical materialism'.However,this'reconstruction'deviates from the theoretical principles of historical materialism and fails to provide a solid analytical framework for understanding the historical evolution of modern society or successfully construct a new interpretive framework for historical materialism.The failure of this'reconstruction'demonstrates that historical materialism,as a science accessible to essential aspects of social history,cannot be reduced to merely a theory about social evolution.

关 键 词：社会进化论 历史唯物主义 交往行为理论 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]