胶东地区苹果园绿盲蝽越冬场所和春季转移为害规律  

Observation on the overwintering sites and early spring transfer damage pattern of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür in apple orchard in the Jiaodong area

作　　者：曲诚怀 于翰林 董卫中 张伟[2] 刘保友 Qu Chenghuai;Yu Hanlin;Dong Weizhong;Zhang Wei;Liu Baoyou(Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Mouping District,Yantai Shandong 264100,China;Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai Shandong 265500,China;College of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai Shandong 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市牟平区农业技术推广中心,山东牟平264100 [2]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500 [3]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2024年第5期47-52,共6页China Plant Protection

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队病虫防治与质量控制岗位专家项目(SDAIT-06-11);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2020KC026)。

摘　　要：为明确胶东地区苹果园绿盲蝽越冬和早春转移为害规律,2020—2021年通过调查苹果芽鳞、剪锯口、老翘皮、枝梢等处落卵量、距地面0.5 m和1.0 m处树干粘虫胶带诱虫量、苹果根蘖苗及树盘1.0 m直径内杂草受害情况发现:绿盲蝽越冬卵以芽鳞处最多,占总卵量的60.58%,其次为剪锯口,占总卵量的32.69%;芽鳞和剪锯口卵量随时间推移而减少,以芽鳞处卵量减少最为显著;距地面0.5 m处树干粘虫胶带诱虫量多数时间段高于或相当于1.0 m处诱虫量;5月5日峰日诱虫高峰主要集中在6:00—8:00和20:00—22:00两个时段,后者诱虫量相对较大,且树干背阴面诱虫量大于向阳面;4月21日至5月5日,绿盲蝽对不同寄主取食偏好强弱依次为根蘖苗、泥胡菜、苹果、葎草、艾蒿、反枝苋、龙葵;5月12日,苹果新梢受害率达48.03%,高于其他寄主。The aim of this study was to elucidate the overwintering and early spring transfer pattern of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür in apple orchards in the Jiaodong area from 2020 to 2021.The number of overwintering eggs laid by A.lucorum on apple bud scales,pruning wounds,old warped barks,and branch tips was investigated.The number of A.lucorum trapped by the sticky tape at 0.5 m and 1.0 m from the ground,and the damage on apple root seedlings and weeds within 1.0 m diameter were investigated.The results showed that the majority of overwintering eggs were found at the bud scales,followed by the pruning wounds,accounting for 60.58%and 32.69%of the total eggs,respectively.The number of eggs at bud scales and the pruning wounds decreased over time,with a greater decline observed at the bud scales.The number of A.lucorum trapped by sticky tape at 0.5 m above the ground was significantly higher than or equivalent to that caught at a height of 1.0 m.The peak of catching occurred on 5 May,with the majority of A.lucorum caught in two periods,6:00—8:00 and 20:00—22:00.The number of A.lucorum trapped in the late peak was relatively larger,and the number trapped on the shady side was greater than that on the sunny side.A.lucorum presented a clear preference for different host plants in the apple orchard.From 21 April to 5 May,the root seedlings suffered the most,followed by Hemisteptia lyrata,Malus pumila,Humulus scandens,Artemisia argyi,Amaranthus retroflexus and Solanum nigrum.On 12 May,the damaged rate of apple shoots was 48.03%,which was higher than that of other hosts.

关 键 词：苹果 绿盲蝽 越冬习性 早春转移规律 

分 类 号：S431.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]