开都河流域冰川面积变化及其消融季冰川融水对径流的贡献  

Changes of Glacier Area in Kaidu River Basin and Its Contribution to Runoff during Melting Seasons

作　　者：陈红波 王统霞 安杰[2,3] 吴国洋 宋昱锋 罗鑫 黄森 CHEN Hongbo;WANG Tongxia;AN Jie;WU Guoyang;SONG Yufeng;LUO Xin;HUANG Sen(National Energy Group Xinjiang Kaidu River Basin Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Korla 841000,China;College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Cold and Arid Regions Eco-Hydraulic Engineering of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团新疆开都河流域水电开发有限公司,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [3]寒旱区生态水利工程兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水文》2024年第3期82-88,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：优化分布式水文模型提高开都河流域中短期径流预报精度项目(CEZB220403598);南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB024);国家自然科学基金项目(52169005);兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2023CB008-08)。

摘　　要：全球变暖背景下冰川及冰川水资源的可能变化对径流的影响,是水文领域持续关注的重点内容。通过分析开都河流域冰川面积及其融水变化趋势,量化评估冰川融水对径流的贡献情况,探究冰川-径流-气候之间的响应关系。结果表明:开都河流域冰川面积占比小,平均覆盖度约为1.55%,小规模冰川条数较多,约有78.17%分布在小于0.5 km2的规模上,整体呈现衰退趋势;2009—2018年冰川面积减少了3.69%,冰川条数减少了1.33%;2014—2021年流域径流、冰川融水、降水均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,其中夏季流量高达15.48×10~8 m^(3),约为其他季节径流量的2倍以上,消融季(6—9月)冰川融水约为9.96×10~8 m^(3),其对径流的平均贡献率达54.3%,是径流的重要组成部分;流域降水与河川径流的相关性高于温度与其的相关性,而温度是影响流域冰川融水变化的主导因子。研究结果对深化流域河川径流过程变化的认识和水资源利用具有重要意义。Under the background of global warming,the influence of possible changes of glaciers and glacier water resources on runoff is the key content of continuous concern in the hydrological field.This study quantitatively evaluates the contribution of gla-cial meltwater to runoff and explores the relationship between glacier,runoff and climate by analyzing the changing trend of gla-cial area and meltwater in Kaidu River Basin.The results show that the proportion of glacier area in the basin is small,with an average coverage of about 1.55%.There are many small-scale glaciers,about 78.17%of which are distributed on the scale less than 0.5 km²,showing a declining trend as a whole.From 2009 to 2018,the glacier area decreased by 3.69%,and the number of glaciers decreased by 1.33%.During 2014-2021,the runoff,glacial meltwater and precipitation all increased at first and then de-creased,among which the summer runoff was as high as 15.48×108 m^(3),which was more than twice that of other seasons,and the glacial meltwater in the melting season was about 9.96×108 m^(3),with an average contribution rate of 54.3%,which was an impor-tant part of runoff.The correlation between precipitation and river runoff is higher than that between temperature and river runoff and temperature is the dominant factor affecting the change of glacial meltwater in the basin.The research results are of great sig-nificance to deepen the understanding of the changes of river runoff process and the utilization of water resources.

关 键 词：冰川面积 融水径流 消融季 径流 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]