装载机排气噪声分析及控制  

Analysis and Control of Loader Exhaust Noise

作　　者：文武 张楠 张碧荣 Wen Wu;Zhang Nan;Zhang Birong

机构地区：[1]广西柳工机械股份有限公司,545000

出　　处：《工程机械》2024年第6期92-96,I0022,共6页Construction Machinery and Equipment

摘　　要：针对厂内某型针对巴西市场开发的装载机机外辐射噪声超标问题,开展了相关研究工作,具体包括:(1)开展了原机噪声数据分析、噪声源贡献量占比分析以及串联消声器后的噪声分析,确定了排气噪声为首要噪声源;(2)通过两款消声器的结构形式对比,发现1号原机消声器容积比过小,仅为3.5,不符合容积比要求;2号消声器体积容积比为8,符合容积比要求;(3)开展两款消声器传递损失和压力损失的仿真分析,结果表明,相比1号原机消声器,2号消声器在200~930 Hz传递损失提高了9.6 dB(A),消声效果更优,压力损失降低了4 kPa,无超排气背压限值风险;(4)开展2号消声器试装、测试及降噪效果评价,实测机外辐射声功率为106.5 dB(A),较原机降低4.8 dB(A),低于巴西噪声限值1.9 dB(A),实测压力损失为3.5 kPa,低于发动机排气背压限值。Inviewof theproblemof excessivenoise radiated from the outside of a loader developed for the Brazilian market in the factory,the noise data of the original machine,the proportion of noise source contribution and the noise after connecting silencer are analyzed,and it is determined that the exhaust noise is the primary noise source.The structural forms of two silencers are compared,and the transmission loss and pressure loss of thetwo silencers are simulated and analyzed.The analysis results show that the volume ratio of the No.l original silencer istoo small anddoes not meet the requirements of thevolume ratio,while the No.2 silencer meets the requirements of the volume ratio and has a better silencing effect,without the risk of exceedingthe limit of the exhaust back pressure.The No.2 silencer is subjected to trial installation,testing and noise reduction effect evaluation.Thetestresults show that the measured radiated sound power outside the machine is lowerthan that of the original machine and is lowerthan the noise limit value in Brazil,and the measuredpressure loss is lowerthan theexhaust back pressure limit value of the engine.

关 键 词：装载机 排气噪声 消声器 传递损失 压力损失 

分 类 号：TH243[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]