光学自旋角动量的调控机理及研究进展(特邀)  

Regulation Mechanisms and Recent Progress of Optical Spin Angular Momentum(Invited)

作　　者：苟新鑫 李松泽 石鹏 袁小聪[1,2] Gou Xinxin;Li Songze;Shi Peng;Yuan Xiaocong(Nanophotonics Research Centre,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics&State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing,Zhejiang Lab,Hangzhou 311100,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学射频异质异构集成全国重点实验室,微纳光电子学研究院纳米光子学研究中心,广东深圳518060 [2]之江实验室智能感知研究院,浙江杭州311100

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第10期23-46,共24页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2020B0301030009);国家自然科学基金(12174266,92250304)。

摘　　要：自旋角动量是基本粒子和场的一个基本的动力学物理量,它在光与物质相互作用中扮演着极其重要的角色。在光学研究中,光的自旋角动量与圆极化密切相关,通过研究光学自旋与物质或结构的相互作用产生了许多新颖有趣的光学现象和光学应用,并诞生了自旋光学这一新兴学科。过去的研究中,研究人员主要聚焦在与平均波矢方向平行的纵向光学自旋。近年来,科研人员通过研究限制场如聚焦波、导波和倏逝波等的自旋轨道耦合性质,发现了一类新型的光学自旋,这类自旋与平均波矢方向垂直,因此被称为光学横向自旋。横向自旋具有自旋动量绑定的性质,一经发现便受到研究人员的广泛关注。横向自旋的发现拓展了光学自旋轨道相互作用的内容,并在光学操纵、光学精密检测、手性量子光学和光学自旋拓扑态等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文从理论、实验技术和应用3个方面详细介绍自旋光学的最新进展。自旋光学的理论概念和框架可为研究人员进一步开拓基于光学自旋在光学成像、光学探测、光通信和量子技术等领域的应用发挥巨大的作用,同时也可拓展到一般经典波场,比如流体波、声波和引力波等。Significance To help humans explore and understand the world,researchers have been committed to exploring diverse techniques of optical field manipulation to accomplish a variety of applications since the inception of the field of optics,including imaging,detection,sensing,communications,and so on.With the rapid development of modern micro-nanofabrication techniques,there is increasing interest in manipulating multiple degrees of freedom of light flexibly.However,at the nanoscale,there are close couplings and interactions among classical degrees of freedom such as intensity,phase,and polarization,making it difficult to achieve flexible and independent control of these degrees of freedom.Whereas,momentum and angular momentum degrees of freedom of light,which are a fundamental dynamic physical quantity of elementary particles and class wave fields and play important roles in the light-matter interactions,offer extreme advantages in manipulating the light in the nanoscale.For example,through the spin-momentum equation,spin and orbit angular momentum can be individually controlled,allowing for more precise manipulation and utilization of the spin properties of photons individually.The numerous advantages of controlling the spin angular momentum of photons bring new opportunities for nanophotonics,particularly in the areas of optical manipulation,detection,information processing,chiral quantum optics,and quantum entanglement.Plenty of novel and interesting optical phenomena and applications have been proposed connecting to the interactions between optical spins and matters or nanostructures,and a new research field of spin optics has been born in recent years.Previously,most of the researchers mainly focused on the optical longitudinal spin parallel to the direction of the mean wave vector.In recent years,by studying the spin-orbit couplings of confined fields,such as focused fields,guided waves,and evanescent waves,researchers have discovered a new class of optical spins that are perpendicular to the direction of the

关 键 词：物理光学 自旋角动量 自旋动量绑定 自旋轨道耦合 光学微分计算 光学探测 横向光学力 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]