基施黄腐酸对麦冬生长、营养元素吸收及品质的影响  

Effects of basal application of fulvic acid on growth,nutrient absorption and quality of Maidong

作　　者：邓红梅 蔡晓洋 李文静 杨永泓 蒋孟莲 李红彦 李敏[1] 林秋霞 何爱坪 DENG Hong-mei;CAI Xiaoyang;LI Wen-jing;YANG Yong-hong;JIANG Meng-lian;LI Hong-yan;LI Min;LIN Qiu-xia;HE Ai-ping(School of Pharmacy,State key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,Sichuan;Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Santai County,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都611137 [2]四川中医药高等专科学校,四川绵阳621000 [3]三台县农业农村局农业技术推广中心,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《中药与临床》2024年第2期13-19,共7页Pharmacy and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：高品质中药材生态调控栽培技术研究(No.2022YFC3501500);中医药产业发展重大项目(No.510201202109711);四川省科技计划项目(No.2019YFN0038);四川省科技成果转移转化示范项目(No.2019ZYZF0011)。

摘　　要：目的:研究基施不同浓度黄腐酸对麦冬生长、营养元素吸收、产量及品质的影响,为黄腐酸在麦冬种植过程中的合理施用提供参考依据。方法:采用随机区组设计并开展大田试验,研究基施黄腐酸对麦冬农艺性状、产量、内在质量、药材商品等级占比、中微量元素吸收及重金属的影响。结果:与CK相比,FD-1、FD-2物质积累均无显著影响;FD-1对农艺性状的影响主要表现为营养根显著增加,FD-2对农艺性状无显著影响,但从平均值来看,贮藏根数及块根数与CK相比均有所增加,最终增产6.41%;FD-3、FD-4对麦冬物质积累有一定的抑制作用,农艺性状主要表现为贮藏根数及块根数减少,最终导致FD-3减产9.06%,FD-4减产11.25%。黄腐酸基施可促进植株对钙、镁、铜、锌、铁元素的吸收,进而促进麦冬植株的生长,结合相关性分析结果,FD-2可通过促进块根中镁、钙、铁元素的吸收,促进块根数的增加,从而提高块根产量,并提升了一等药材占比18.39%。药材质量结果显示,黄腐酸基施时浸出物、总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮、麦冬皂苷D、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、甲基麦冬黄烷酮B含量与CK相比无显著差异,但平均值显示浸出物及总多糖含量增加,指纹图谱的相似度为0.999,组分一致性和稳定性较好;麦冬药材中5种重金属及有害元素均远低于《中国药典》(2020年版一部)标准。结论:综合产量、外观性状和内在质量来看,建议在麦冬种植过程中黄腐酸基施剂量为5 kg/667m^(2)。Objective:This paper focused on studying the effects of different concentration of fulvic acid on growth,nutrient element absorption,yield and quality of Maidong,so to provide reference for rational application of fulvic acid during Maidong plantation.Method:A field experiment was carried out with random block design to study the effects of fulvic acid on the agronomic characters,yield,internal quality,proportion of medicinal materials,absorption of medium and trace elements and heavy metals of Maidong.Result:Compared with CK,FD-1 and FD-2 had no significant effect on substance accumulation.FD-1 had a significant increase in nutrition root number,while FD-2 had no significant effect on the agronomic traits.However,storage root number and root tubers number increased compared with CK,and the final yield increased by 6.41%.FD-3 and FD-4 had a certain inhibitory effect on the substance accumulation of Maidong,and the main agronomic traits were the reduction of storage root number and root tubers number,resulting in 9.06%yield reduction of FD-3 and 11.25%yield reduction of FD-4.Fulvic acid base application promoted the absorption of Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn and Fe in the plants,thus promoting the growth of Maidong.Combined with the results of correlation analysis,FD-2 could promote the absorption of Mg,Ca and Fe in root tubers,promote the increase of root tubers number,thus improved the root tubers yield,and increased the proportion of first-grade medicinal materials by 18.39%.When it came to medicinal materials quality,there were no significant difference of extractum,total polysaccharides,total saponins,total flavonoids,ophiopogonin D,methyl ophiopogonin flavanone A and methyl ophiopogonin flavanone B contents compared with CK.But the average extractum and total polysaccharide components were increased.The fingerprint similarity was 0.999,and composition had good consistency and stability.The five heavy metals and harmful elements contents in Maidong were far below the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Conclusion:

关 键 词：麦冬 黄腐酸 品质 元素吸收 产量 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]