厦门市空气微生物的时空分布特征及其影响因素  

Spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of airborne microbes in Xiamen of China

作　　者：廖明宇 李姜维[1,2] 李来一 叶红 崔胜辉[4] 洪有为 于昌平[1] 胡安谊[1,2] LIAO Mingyu;LI Jiangwei;LI Laiyi;YE Hong;CUI Shenghui;HONG Youwei;YU Changping;HU Anyi(Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China;Ningbo(Beilun)Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center,Ningbo 315800,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市污染物转化重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [4]中国科学院城市环境研究所环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [5]中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院区域大气环境研究卓越创新中心,福建厦门361021 [6]宁波(北仑)中科海西产业技术创新中心,浙江宁波315800

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2024年第6期1950-1969,共20页Microbiology China

基　　金：中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划(132C35KYSB20200007);宁波市公益性科技计划(2021S081)。

摘　　要：【背景】城市环境中空气微生物的丰度、群落组成及其传输、扩散受区域环境和气象条件等多种因素的综合影响,并深刻影响着城市环境安全和居民健康。【目的】研究福建厦门不同季节、城市功能区和行政区空气细菌和真菌丰度和群落组成的时空分布特征,探讨影响空气微生物群落时空变化的主要影响因素,评估病原菌的潜在风险。【方法】采用大容量生物气溶胶采样器,于2021年夏季和2022年冬季在厦门市多个城市功能区采集了生物气溶胶样品,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析不同功能区和行政区空气细菌和真菌的绝对丰度,并探究其与环境因子的相关性;利用宏基因组测序技术分析厦门岛和同安区细菌群落组成,并开展潜在病原菌的风险评估。【结果】细菌绝对丰度在夏冬两季之间存在显著性差异(P<0.001),冬季(平均2.17×10^(5) copies/m^(3))比夏季(平均3.18×10^(4) copies/m^(3))高1个数量级左右。公园中空气细菌绝对丰度最低,而在工业区最高。真菌绝对丰度在夏冬两季之间无显著性差异,夏季绝对丰度(平均4.24×10^(3) copies/m^(3))高于冬季(平均8.95×10^(2) copies/m^(3)),最低绝对丰度出现在公园。夏季同安区空气细菌和真菌绝对丰度最高,并与其他3个行政区有显著性差异。在冬季,厦门岛细菌绝对丰度平均值最低,真菌最高,并且与其他3个行政区有显著性差异。采样点不同半径范围内“绿色空间”占比与细菌绝对丰度存在显著相关(P<0.01)。细菌绝对丰度与大气多个环境参数(NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、温度和相对湿度)有显著相关,而真菌仅与温度有显著正相关(P<0.01)。群落组成分析表明,厦门岛和同安区的优势菌群无明显的时空变异。冬季潜在病原菌的绝对丰度显著高于夏季(P<0.001),工业区显著高于公园(P<0.05)。【结论】与全国其他城市相比,厦门市空气微生物的绝对丰度较低[Background]The abundance of airborne microbes in urban environments,as well as their community composition,dispersion and transmission,are influenced by diverse factors such as regional environmental and meteorological conditions,which have profound impacts on the urban environmental security and the health of local residents.[Objective]To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the abundance and community composition of airborne bacteria and fungi in different urban functional zones and administrative districts of Xiamen in Fujian,explore the main influencing factors of the spatiotemporal distribution of airborne microbes,and evaluate the potential risks of pathogens.[Methods]This study employed a large-capacity sampler to collect bioaerosol samples from several urban functional zones of Xiamen in the summer of 2021 and the winter of 2022.Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to study the absolute abundance of airborne bacteria and fungi in different functional zones and administrative districts,and their correlations with environmental factors were analyzed;The composition of bacterial communities in Xiamen Island and Tongan district was analyzed by metagenome sequencing,and the risk of potential pathogens was evaluated.[Results]The bacterial absolute abundance was different between winter and summer(P<0.001),with the that in winter(average 2.17×10^(5) copies/m^(3))being approximately one order of magnitude higher than that in summer(average 3.18×10^(4) copies/m^(3)).The bacterial absolute abundance was the lowest in the parks and the highest in the industrial areas. Thefungal absolute abundance showed no significant difference between the winter and summer,with that in summer (average 4.24×10^(3) copies/m^(3)) being higher than that in winter (average8.95×10^(2) copies/m^(3)), and the lowest was observed in the parks. In summer, the absoluteabundance of bacteria and fungi were the highest in Tongan district, which was significantlydifferent from those in the other three administra

关 键 词：空气微生物 丰度 实时荧光定量PCR 时空分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]