儿童青少年身体活动和久坐少动行为与体质健康关系的研究  

The Association Between Physical Activity,Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness among Children and Adolescents

作　　者：高雅楠 杨亚 韩晓伟 刘玉 张晋喜 周志雄[2] GAO Yanan;YANG Ya;HAN Xiaowei;LIU Yu;ZHANG Jinxi;ZHOU Zhixiong(School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian China;Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350007 [2]首都体育学院,北京100191 [3]北京师范大学,北京100091

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2024年第3期22-39,共18页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“全民健身信息服务平台关键技术的研究”(项目编号:2020YFC2006200)。

摘　　要：身体活动是促进身体健康的重要手段,二者之间存在一定的量效关系。为此,探讨儿童青少年的身体活动和体质健康之间的相关关系,为制定儿童青儿少年体质健康促进的政策和开展健康促进提供依据。研究方法:选取全国4个省市19所学校中的499名3~14岁的儿童青少年。其中,学龄前儿童110人,平均年龄(4.01±0.52)岁;小学生207人,平均年龄(10.19±0.60)岁;中学生182人,平均年龄(12.63±0.56)岁。采用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计测量儿童青少年身体活动量,根据《国民体质健康标准手册(幼儿版)》《国家学生体质健康标准(2014版)》分别测试学龄前儿童和中小学生体质健康,采用独立样本t检验、Mann Whitney U检验以及ANOVA单因素方差分析探究不同性别、年龄和学段参与者在身体活动和体质健康方面的差异,采用Spearman相关分析探究相关性。研究结果:1)按照世界卫生组织身体活动建议和《加拿大儿童青少年24小时活动指南》推荐的身体活动标准,儿童青少年身体活动达标率仅为8.02%,其中学龄前儿童的身体活动达标率为0.00%;不同性别、学段、年龄和时段会导致身体活动水平存在差异。2)儿童青少年体质健康状况较差,小学生的体质健康存在性别差异(t=2.85,P=0.005);儿童青少年的BMI Z评分会因性别(t=3.65,P<0.001)和学段(F=7.26,P=0.001)的影响而存在显著差异。3)每日低强度身体活动时间与小学生的整体体质健康水平呈显著的正相关(r=0.20,P=0.002);每日中高强度身体活动时间与小学生(r=0.29,P<0.001)和中学生(r=0.37,P<0.001)的整体体质健康水平均呈正相关,且与中学生的相关程度更强;暂未发现身体活动与学龄前儿童整体体质健康之间的相关关系(P>0.05)。4)久坐少动行为时间越长,多项体质健康评价指标表现越差,尤其是在女生中,例如学龄前女童的10 m折返跑(r=0.27,P=0.048)、小学女生的50 m跑(r=0.28,P=0.003)和中学Background and Purpose:Recognizing the vital role of physical activity in promoting physical health,a distinct dose-response relationship has been identified.This study aims to investigate the association between physical activity and physical fitness among children and adolescents,laying the groundwork for policy formulation to enhance physical fitness in this demographic and implement health promotion initiatives.Methods:A total of 499 children and adolescents aged 3-14 were selected from 19 schools in four provinces and cities across China.Among them,there were 110 preschool children(average age:4.01±0.52 years),207 elementary school students(average age:10.19±0.60 years),and 182 middle school students(average age:12.63±0.56 years).Physical activity levels were assessed by using the ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometer.Physical fitness evaluations were conducted based on the“National Physical Fitness Standards Manual(Preschool Edition)”and the“National Student Physical Fitness Standards(2014 Edition)”for preschool children and elementary/middle school students respectively.Statistical analyses including independent samples t-test,Mann-Whitney U test,and one-way ANOVA were used to explore variations in physical activity and physical fitness among participants of different genders,ages,and school stages.Spearman correlation analysis was employed to explore the correlation.Results:1)According to the World Health Organization’s physical activity recommendations and the physical activity standards recommended in the“Canadian 24 Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth”,the compliance rate of physical activity among children and adolescents is only 8.02%,with a compliance rate of physical activity among preschool children of 0.00%.Differences in gender,school stage,age,and time period can lead to differences in physical activity levels.2)The overall physical fitness of children and adolescents is relatively poor,and there are significant gender differences observed among primary school students(t=2.8

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 小学生 中学生 身体活动 体质健康 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]