施氮量与肥料配比对水稻群体生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Fertilizer Ratio on Population Growth and Yield of Rice

作　　者：刘风 石爱龙 祝海竣 段玉婷 关常铮 罗龙欣 彭涛 王学华[1,2] LIU Feng;SHI Ailong;ZHU Haijun;DUAN Yuting;GUAN Changzheng;LUO Longxin;PENG Tao;WANG Xuehua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Ministry of Education,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Southern Grain and Oil Crops Collaborative Innovation Center,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Shaoyang Seed Management Office,Shaoyang,Hunan 422000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/教育部作物生理与分子生物学重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]邵阳市种子管理处,湖南邵阳422000

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2024年第3期117-126,共10页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：湖南省“三分地养活一个人”粮食高产绿色优质科技创新工程。

摘　　要：以Y两优911为材料,采用两因素裂区试验设计,施氮量(N1、N2、N3分别为120、180、240 kg/hm^(2)的纯N施用量)为主区,肥料配比(F1、F2分别为1.0∶0.5∶1.0、1.0∶0.6∶1.2的氮磷钾配比)为副区,研究施氮量与肥料配比对水稻群体生长和产量的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著提高水稻产量,各施肥处理比不施肥处理(CK)增产52.81%~81.53%,N3和N2处理的产量显著高于N1,F2与F1处理的产量差异不显著。N2F2处理的产量最高,为9.04 t/hm^(2),与N3F2和N3F1处理差异不显著,但显著高于其他处理。产量构成因素与产量的相关性大小依次为有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重。N2F2处理的叶面积指数在齐穗期和乳熟期分别比其他处理高7.52%~106.50%和5.88%~122.77%,各处理的地上部总干物质积累量在齐穗期至成熟期均以N3F2、N3F1、N2F2处理较高;群体生长率在乳熟期至成熟期以N2F2处理最高。综上,N2F2处理更能有效控制群体生长,获得较高的群体质量,达到节肥增产的作用。Using Y Liangyou 911 as the material,a two-factor split-plot experimental design with the nitrogen application rate(N1,N2 and N3 of nitrogen rate at 120,180 and 240 kg/hm^(2),respectively)in the main plots and the fertilizer ratio(F1 and F2 of NPK ratio at 1.0∶0.5∶1.0 and 1.0∶0.6∶1.2,respectively)in the sub-plots,was adopted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and fertilizer ratio on the population growth and yield of rice.The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the yield of rice,and the yield of each nitrogen application treatment was increased by 52.81%~81.53%compared with the non-nitrogen application treatment(CK).The yield of N3 and N2 treatments was significantly higher than that of N1 treatment,while there was no significant difference in yield between F2 and F1 treatments.The yield of N2F2 treatment was the highest(9.04 t/hm^(2)),which was not significantly different from that of N3F2 and N3F1 treatments,but significantly higher than that of other treatments.The correlation between yield components and yield was as follows:the number of effective panicles,the total number of spikelets per panicle,the seed setting rate and the 1000-grain weight.The leaf area index of N2F2 treatment was 7.52%~106.50%and 5.88%~122.77%higher than that of other treatments at full heading stage and milky maturity stage,respectively,and the total dry matter accumulation in shoots of each treatment was higher in N3F2,N3F1 and N2F2 treatments from full heading stage to maturity stage.The population growth rate was highest in N2F2 treatment from milky maturity stage to maturity stage.In summary,N2F2 treatment can effectively regulate population growth,obtain higher population quality and achieve the effect of fertilizer saving and yield increase.

关 键 词：水稻 施氮量 肥料配比 产量 群体生长率 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318