不同生态种养模式对双季稻土壤养分及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Crop-animal Co-cultivation Modes on Soil Nutrients and Rice Yield of Doublecropping Rice

作　　者：王忍 黄璜[1] 陈灿[1] 陈慧娜 马微微 吕广动 WANG Ren;HUANG Huang;CHEN Can;CHEN Huina;MA Weiwei;LÜGuangdong(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Yueyang Agricultural and Rural Affairs Center,Yueyang,Hunan 414004,China;Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hengyang,Hunan 421101,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]岳阳市农业农村事务中心,湖南岳阳414004 [3]衡阳市农业科学院,湖南衡阳421101

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2024年第3期127-132,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300305);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ50141)。

摘　　要：为研究不同生态种养模式对双季稻土壤养分及水稻产量的影响,设置稻鸭共作、稻鱼共作、稻鳅共作3种模式,并以水稻单作模式为对照。每季选用2个水稻品种,早稻品种为常规稻中早35、杂交稻陆两优996,晚稻品种为常规稻中早39、杂交稻深优5438,通过双季稻大田试验,比较分析了不同处理间双季稻土壤养分含量、水稻生物量及产量的差异。结果表明,与水稻单作相比,稻鸭、稻鳅共作能显著提高早、晚稻成熟期土壤有机碳含量,稻鸭、稻鱼共作能显著提高晚稻成熟期的土壤碱解氮含量,稻鸭、稻鳅共作能显著提高晚稻成熟期的土壤速效磷含量;稻鱼共作能够显著提高杂交早、晚稻成熟期地上部生物量,稻鳅共作能够显著提高杂交晚稻深优5438的实际产量(较CK增产18.0%),稻鸭共作能够显著提高晚稻成熟期地上部生物量和实际产量(中早39、深优5438分别较CK增产11.1%和19.1%)。综上,稻鸭共作模式能够显著增加双季稻成熟期土壤有机碳含量、晚稻成熟期土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量,显著增加晚稻成熟期地上部生物量和实际产量,适宜在双季稻区推广。To study the effects of crop-animal co-cultivation modes on soil nutrients and rice yield of double-cropping rice,three modes of treatment(rice-duck,rice-fish,and rice-loach)were set up,and the monoculture mode of rice was used as the control.Two rice varieties were selected in each season,including the early rice varieties of conventional rice Zhongzao 35 and hybrid rice Luliangyou 996,and the late rice varieties of conventional rice Zhongzao 39 and hybrid rice Shenyou 5438.The effects of different treatments on soil nutrient content,rice biomass and yield were studied in the field experiment of double-cropping rice.The results showed that compared with rice monoculture,riceduck and rice-loach treatments could significantly increase soil organic carbon content in early and late rice seasons.Rice-duck and rice-fish treatments could significantly increase the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the maturity stage of late rice season.Rice-duck and rice-loach treatments could significantly increase the content of available soil phosphorus in the maturity stage of late rice season.Rice-fish treatment could significantly increase the aboveground biomass of early and late hybrid rice at maturity stage.Rice-loach treatment could significantly increase the yield of late hybrid rice Shenyou 5438(18.0%higher than that of CK).Rice-duck treatment could significantly increase the aboveground biomass at maturity stage and the yield of late rice(Zhongzao 39 and Shenyou 5438 increased by 11.1%and 19.1%,respectively,compared with CK).In summary,rice-duck treatment could significantly increase the soil organic carbon content at the maturity stage of double-cropping early and late rice,and the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus content,the aboveground biomass at the maturity stage and yield of double-cropping late rice,therefore,rice-duck co-cultivation mode is suitable for application in double-cropping rice areas.

关 键 词：生态种养 双季稻 土壤养分 产量 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318