龙脑精油化学成分与药理作用研究进展  

Chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Cinnamomum camphora chvar.borneol essential oil:a review

作　　者：黄思琪 易畅 刘晓轩 杨皓宇 张良琦 唐宇[1,2] 张喜利 刘文龙[1,2] HUANG Si-qi;YI Chang;LIU Xiao-xuan;YANG Hao-yu;ZHANG Liang-qi;TANG Yu;ZHANG Xi-li;LIU Wen-long(School of Pharmacy,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学药学院,湖南长沙410208 [2]中药成药性与制剂制备湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410208

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第11期2863-2870,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82174069);湖南省重点领域研发计划项目(2023SK2046);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ60474);长沙市自然科学基金项目(kq2208191);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2023NK4110);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023NK4144);省厅校级创新项目(CX20230829,2023CX145,2023CX105,202210541071,S202210541077)。

摘　　要：龙脑樟是我国首次发现的富含右旋龙脑的樟树珍稀新品种,因其具有极高的利用价值,故又被称为植物黄金。龙脑精油是通过蒸馏等方式从龙脑樟的枝、叶、果实等部位提取得到的天然香气成分,主要含有单萜和倍半萜类化合物,具有镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、改善认知功能障碍、抑菌和杀虫等多种药理活性。作为龙脑生物医药工业产业中的高附加值产品,龙脑精油在医药领域、化工生产、食品工业等行业有很大的市场潜力。但目前关于其毒理学安全性评价资料尚不完善,其化学成分和药理作用也易受到产地、采收期、提取部位及前处理方法等多种因素的影响而存在差异,导致临床用药的安全性和疗效难以保障,这可能会对龙脑精油的合理有效利用造成一定阻碍。该文总结归纳了国内外相关文献,分析龙脑精油的发展现状,对其化学成分和药理作用进行综合概述,并进一步讨论当前研究存在的局限性和可能的解决方法,期望为龙脑精油的深度开发、临床应用提供参考,进一步推动以龙脑为核心的大健康产业链的形成与发展。Cinnamomum camphora chvar.borneol,a rare camphor tree variant recently identified in China,is distinguished by its high concentration of D-borneol,also known as"plant gold"due to its significant value.The essential oil extracted from this variant,rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes,demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities,including analgesic,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,cognition-enhancing,anti-bacterial,and insecticidal effects.These properties,underscored by extensive research,highlight the oil′s potential in the biomedical,chemical,and food sectors as a valuable commodity.Nonetheless,the safety profile of this valuable oil remains poorly characterized,with its chemical composition and therapeutic efficacy subject to variations in the factors like geographic origin,harvesting timing,part used for extraction,and processing techniques.Such variability poses challenges to its clinical application and hampers the efficient exploitation of this resource.This review synthesizes current studies on C.camphora chvar.borneol essential oil and provides a detailed examination of its chemical and pharmacological profiles.In this study,we discuss existing research gaps and propose strategies for advancing its clinical use and industrial application,aiming to provide a foundational reference for future investigations and the resolution of its commercial and therapeutic challenges.

关 键 词：龙脑樟 精油 化学成分 药理作用 研究进展 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学]