基于主要药效成分统计的两面针最佳采收期与合理药用部位研究  

Study on optimal harvesting period and rational medicinal parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum based on statistics of main effective components

作　　者：蒙兰花 马庆 贡保草 姚英[1] 刘信丹 马志国[1] 曹晖[1] 张英[1] 吴孟华[1] MENG Lan-hua;MA Qing;GONG Bao-cao;YAO Ying;LIU Xin-dan;MA Zhi-guo;CAO Hui;ZHANG Ying;WU Meng-hua(Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan(Southern China),Jinan University/Lingnan Resources Branch of National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization,Guangzhou 510632,China;China Resources Sanjiu Medicinal&Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518110,China;Foshan University,Foshan 528051,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学岭南传统中药研究中心/国家中药现代化工程技术研究中心岭南资源分中心/广东省中医药信息化重点实验室,广东广州510632 [2]华润三九医药股份有限公司,广东深圳518110 [3]佛山科学技术学院,广东佛山528051

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第11期2889-2896,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：广东省中医药信息化重点实验室项目(2021B1212040007);全国名老中医药专家传承工作室项目(国中医药人教函[2022]75号);国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202005);全国中药特色技术传承人才培训项目(T20234832002)。

摘　　要：通过分析不同生长年限、不同采收月份、不同部位的两面针栽培品主要药效成分含量的变化规律,并与野生品比较,确定两面针的最佳采收期和合理药用部位。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),色谱柱为Kinetex C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.6μm),流动相为0.2%三乙胺的0.3%磷酸水溶液-乙腈(80∶20),流速1.0 m L·min^(-1),检测波长273 nm,柱温30℃,以主要药效成分氯化两面针碱和白屈菜红碱为指标,对两面针样品进行含量测定。结果表明野生与栽培两面针根的主要药效成分含量无显著性差异,栽培两面针根与根+茎无显著性差异;由层次聚类分析(HCA)与主成分分析(PCA)结果说明两面针根与茎能明显区分,但无法区分野生与栽培品,与显著性分析结果一致;1~6年两面针根的氯化两面针碱和白屈菜红碱质量分数之和为0.114%~0.256%,茎0.030%~0.133%,主要药效成分含量与生长年限呈正相关;4个季节采样均无显著性差异,说明采收季节对两面针主要药效成分含量无影响;3个种植基地的两面针(不含枝)以干燥品计算氯化两面针碱和白屈菜红碱含量之和,云浮为0.308%±0.123%,茂名为0.192%±0.025%,南宁为0.197%±0.052%,3个种植基地均≥0.15%,即移栽2年6个月以上的两面针同时以根(含须根、主根和地下茎)和茎(地上茎)入药可满足要求。综上,两面针栽培品可以作为两面针野生品的合理替代,为实现两面针资源的可持续开发与应用提供保障;根与茎均可作为两面针的药用部位,建议《中国药典》两面针的药用部位修订为干燥根和茎,全年均可采挖。为保障有效成分含量及临床有效性,建议采收移栽3年以上的两面针根和茎入药。To determine the optimal harvesting period and rational medicinal parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum,the main effective components of cultivated Z.nitidum samples,which originate from various growth years,harvesting months,and different parts were analyzed and compared with the wild samples.HPLC was performed on a Kinetex C_(18) column(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)with the gradient elution of 0.3%phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile(80∶20)containing 0.2%triethylamine.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^(-1),and the detection wavelength was 273 nm.The column temperature was 30℃.Nitidine chloride and chelerythrine,the main effective components,were determined as the markers.The results showed there was no significant difference in the contents of the main effective components among the roots of wild and cultivated Z.nitidum,as well as the roots and roots+stems of cultivated Z.nitidum.The statistical results of HCA and PCA indicated that the roots and stems could be clearly distinguished,but no distinction could be made between wild and cultivated products,which was consistent with the results of the significance analysis.The total contents of nitidine chloride and chelerythrine in roots and stems of Z.nitidum of 1-6 years old were 0.114%-0.256%and 0.030%-0.133%,respectively.These results suggested a positive correlation between the content of the main effective components and the growth years.No significant difference was observed between the contents of samples harvested in different seasons,indicating that the harvest season had no effect on the content of the main effective components of the Z.nitidum samples.The total contents of nitidine chloride and chelerythrine of the dried Z.nitidum samples(excluding branches)from three plantation bases were 0.308%±0.123%in Yunfu,0.192%±0.025%in Maoming,and 0.197%±0.052%in Nanning,respectively,and they were all not less than 0.15%,or in other words,the roots(including fibrous roots,taproots,and underground stems)and stems(aboveground stems)of Z.nitidum transplanted for more than 2.5

关 键 词：两面针 氯化两面针碱 白屈菜红碱 含量测定 茎 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]