4种半定量风险评估方法在水泥粉尘作业岗位职业健康风险评估中的应用  

Application of four semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of cement dust operation posts

作　　者：汪运 田平 张立 徐一雷 彭中全 WANG Yun;TIAN Ping;ZHANG Li;XU Yilei;PENG Zhongquan(Department of Hygienic Evaluation,Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Chongqing,400060,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市职业病防治院卫生学评价科,重庆400060

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第9期1153-1157,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2020MSXM057);重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(KJQN202302832);重庆市南岸区区级公共卫生重点学科建设经费资助。

摘　　要：目的探讨4种常用的半定量风险评估方法在水泥粉尘作业岗位职业健康风险评估中的优缺点。方法结合现场职业卫生调查和检测资料,应用作业条件危险性评价(likelihood exposure consequence,LEC)法、新加坡半定量法、职业危害风险指数法和GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的综合指数法对5家企业水泥粉尘作业岗位开展职业健康风险评估,评估结果经风险比值(risk ratio,RR)标化后分析、比较评估结果。结果LEC法和新加坡半定量法评估结果与水泥粉尘职业接触比值相关性强(rs=0.918、0.767,均P<0.01),均能识别出高风险岗位,两者评估结果呈正相关(rs=0.776,P<0.01)。职业危害风险指数评估结果以可忽略风险为主,仅将2个水泥粉尘职业接触比值>1.8的作业岗位评判为低风险岗位。综合指数法则显示,所有水泥粉尘作业岗位职业健康风险均为中等风险。结论LEC法和新加坡半定量法评估结果较为一致,能较好地反映水泥粉尘作业职业健康风险水平。职业危害风险指数法评估结果过于保守,综合指数法不能区分各个岗位的风险差异,两者在水泥粉尘职业健康风险评估方面的适用性仍需进一步研究。Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of four semi-quantitative risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment of cement dust operation posts.Method Combining on-site occupational health investigation and detecting data,the likelihood exposure consequence(LEC)method,Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment method,occupational hazards risk assessment index method and comprehensive index method in GBZ/T 298-2017"Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace"were applied to assess the occupational health risk of cement dust operation posts in five enterprises.The assessment results were analyzed and compared after standardizing by risk ratio(RR).Results The assessment results of LEC and Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment method had a strong correlation with cement dust occupational exposure ratio(rs=0.918,0.767,both P<0.01),and both could identify high risk posts.The assessment results of the two were positively correlated(rs=0.776,P<0.01).The assessment results of occupational hazards risk assessment index method mainly were negligible risk,and only two posts with a cement dust occupational exposure ratio greater than 1.8 were evaluated as low-risk posts.The comprehensive index method showed that all occupational health risks in cement dust operation posts were medium risk.Conclusions The assessment results of LEC and Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment method are relatively consistent,which can reflect the risk level of the cement dust exposed post even better.The assessment results of occupational hazards risk assessment index method are too conservative,and the comprehensive index method are unable to distinguish the risk differences among different posts.The applicability of the two methods in occupational health risk assessment of cement dust still needs further research.

关 键 词：水泥粉尘 职业健康 半定量风险评估 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]