国际刑法中第三类团体共同犯罪理论存在的问题研究  

Research on the Legal Problems of the Third Category of Joint Criminal Enterprise under International Criminal Law

作　　者：张颖军[1] 郭新舟 ZHANG Yingjun;GUO Xinzhou

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院 [2]中南民族大学

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2024年第2期66-85,156,157,共22页Journal of International Law

摘　　要：前南刑庭塔迪奇上诉判决中构建了以共同计划为基础的三种类型的团体共同犯罪理论,根据该理论,被告人可对团体共同犯罪的其他成员或为推进共同计划而利用的人实施的超出共同计划的罪行承担责任。通过对相关判例的考察分析,该理论在适用责任主体上对所有团体成员施加同等责任,忽略了团体犯罪中军政要人与一般参与者之间的差异;共同计划要素犯罪性质的界定模糊了内部不同类型的责任模式之间的边界;主观构成要素也存在无法调和的内部矛盾。这些问题使得该责任模式在审判中的适用存在诸多争议。The Appeals Judgment in the Tadic case of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia(ICTY)constructed three types of joint criminal enterprise theories based on a common plan.According to this theory,defendants can be held responsible for crimes committed by other members of the joint criminal enterprise or by individuals used to advance the common plan,even if these actions go beyond the agreed plan.Through an examination and analysis of relevant precedents,this theory,in its application of individual responsibility,imposes equal responsibility on all members of the group,disregarding differences between high-ranking officials and ordinary participants in group crimes.The definition of criminality within the element of a common plan blurs the boundaries between different types of internal responsibility models.Furthermore,there are irreconcilable internal contradictions within the subjective constitutive elements.These issues create numerous controversies in the application of this mode of responsibility in trials.

关 键 词：第三类团体共同犯罪 军政要人责任 责任边界 预见可能性 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]