基于百度试验法和窑干试验法优化火力楠木材干燥基准  

Optimization of Wood Drying Criteria for Michelia macclurei Wood based on Baidu Test Method and Kiln Drying Test Method

作　　者：谭长强[1,2] 韦鹏练 文新[3] 苏子梅[3] 申文辉 黄腾华[1,2] TAN Chang-qiang;WEI Peng-lian;WEN Xin;SU Zi-mei;SHEN Wen-hui;HUANG Teng-hua(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530002;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation,Nanning,Guangxi 530002;Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 [2]广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室,南宁530002 [3]广西大学,南宁530004

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2024年第3期59-65,共7页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室课题资助课题(2020-B-02-02)。

摘　　要：为充分了解和合理利用世界珍稀优良树种、我国南方主要造林用材树种火力楠木材特性,给木材干燥工业生产提供较为科学和完善的指导性干燥基准,以48 a生人工林火力楠木材为研究对象,采用百度试验法制定初步的干燥基准和木材干燥箱,对火力楠木材进行小试窑干试验并优化干燥基准,测定并分析火力楠木材干燥缺陷,结果表明:火力楠木材的干燥缺陷主要表现为初期开裂、扭曲和截面变形,无内裂,初期开裂为二级,扭曲特性为二级,内裂和截面变形均为一级;初期开裂和扭曲程度均为中等,截面变形程度较轻,不易产生内裂等严重的干燥缺陷;干燥速度为三级,干燥速度中等,属于容易干燥的树种。小试窑干工艺基本条件为:初期干燥温度为60~70℃,初期干湿球温度差为3~7℃,末期干燥温度为80~85℃。该条件下,火力楠木材干燥过程中未出现内裂和皱缩,平均最终含水率为7.9%、厚度上的含水率偏差为2.1%,干燥均匀度为0.6%,残余应力为1.4%,所有干燥质量指标均达到国家标准中锯材干燥质量等级的一级要求。为厚度为25~30 mm。In order to fully understand and reasonably utilize the timber properties of Michelia macclurei,a world rare and excellent tree species and the major tree species for afforestation and timber in southern China,and to provide a more scientific and comprehensive drying benchmark for the timber drying industry,this study focuses on the 48-year-old plantation of Michelia macclurei.The Baidu experimental method was adopted to develop the preliminary drying benchmark and timber drying kiln.After conducting a small-scale kiln drying test on Michelia macclurei timber and optimizing the drying benchmark,the drying defects of the timber were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the drying defects of Michelia macclurei timber were mainly manifested as initial cracking,twisting,and cross-section deformation,without internal cracking.The initial cracking and twisting were of Grade 2,while the internal cracking and cross-section deformation were of Grade 1.The degree of initial cracking and twisting was moderate,and the degree of cross-section deformation was relatively light,making it unlikely to produce serious drying defects such as internal cracking.The drying speed was of Grade 3,indicating a moderate drying speed and belonging to a species that is easy to dry.The basic conditions for the small-scale kiln drying process were:the initial drying temperature was 60~70℃,the initial temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs was 3~7℃,and the final drying temperature was 80~85℃.Based on these conditions,no internal cracking or shrinkage occurred during the drying process of Michelia macclurei timber.The average final moisture content was 7.9%,the deviation in moisture content on the thickness was 2.1%,the drying uniformity was 0.6%,and the residual stress was 1.4%.All drying quality indicators met the first-level requirements of the national standard for sawn timber drying quality.The thickness of the timber was 25~30 mm.

关 键 词：火力楠 百度试验法 窑干试验 干燥质量 干燥基准 

分 类 号：S785[农业科学—林学]