缅甸地缘环境变化与中缅印度洋新通道建设研究  

Study on Changes in Myanmar's Geopolitical Landscape and the Construction of China-Myanmar Indian Ocean New Corridor

作　　者：段雪松 胡志丁 牛福长 Duan Xuesong;Hu Zhiding;Niu Fuchang(Party School of CPC Lincang Municipal Committee,Lincang 677000,China;School of Geographical Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中共临沧市委党校,云南临沧677000 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第7期1149-1160,共12页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据时代地缘环境解析的理论与方法跨学科研究”(20&ZD138);国家自然科学基金项目“多元地缘体双层博弈下东北亚地缘环境演变及其驱动机制研究”(42371230);北师大博士生学科交叉基金项目“中缅印度洋新通道建设与缅甸地缘环境变化研究”(Grant BNUXKJC2204)。

摘　　要：缅甸是中国重要的周边邻国,是推进“一带一路”倡议以及实现国内国际双循环的重要节点国家。在新冠疫情导致中缅边境封控之下,中缅印度洋新通道建设依旧突飞猛进。然而这种态势并没有获得应有的重视,国家和云南省政府层面依然将中缅经济走廊建设作为首选。这显然是对缅甸自2000年以来的国别地缘环境变化理解不足。文章借助国别地缘环境分析框架和研究路径,通过阐述缅甸基本国情、主要关系与矛盾,揭示在内外因素跨尺度、多领域、多元地缘体互动等共同作用下缅甸地缘环境的演变,即2000—2010年外压内稳和2011—2021年外斗内乱。缅甸整体地缘环境变化为中缅印度洋新通道建设提供了绝佳的机遇。从地缘环境视角论证了中缅印度洋新通道建设的必要性、可行性及其战略定位。文章不仅深化了对中缅印度洋新通道的新认识,且为大力推进中缅印度洋新通道建设提供了科学依据。Myanmar is a key neighbor for China and an important link in advancing the"Belt and Road"initiative,contributing to both domestic and international economic flows.Despite the border closures and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic,the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor has seen substantial progress.However,this development has not garnered the attention it deserves,as both national and Yunnan provincial governments continue to prioritize the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor(CMEC).This oversight results from an incomplete understanding of the changes in Myanmar's geopolitical landscape since 2000.Using a framework for national geopolitical landscape analysis,this study examines Myanmar's basic national conditions,principal relationships,and inherent contradictions,revealing how Myanmar's geopolitical landscape has evolved due to the interplay of internal and external factors,cross-field interactions,and strategic games played by multiple geopolitical actors.Specifically,the study discusses the period from 2000 to 2010,characterized by external pressure and internal stability,and the years from 2011 to 2021,marked by external conflict and internal turmoil.The evolving geopolitical landscape in Myanmar has created favorable conditions for building the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor.From a geopolitical perspective,this paper explores the reasons behind the necessity of this new corridor and suggests a re-evaluation of China's spatial planning for major infrastructure projects in Myanmar given the country's shifting geopolitical context.The corridor's feasibility—whether measured by distance,time,costs,spatial distribution of domestic ethnic armed conflicts,or Myanmar's post-pandemic economic trends—suggests it is highly workable.In the short term,the new corridor can complement the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor,progressing concurrently;in the long term,it could gradually replace it as the main route for China-Myanmar trade.This study not only enhances understanding of the New China-My

关 键 词：地缘环境 中缅印度洋新通道 民主化改革 中缅经济走廊 缅甸 

分 类 号：K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]