中缅非法跨境活牛贸易的时空过程与运作机制  

Spatiotemporal Process and Operational Mechanism of Illegal Cross-Border Cattle Trade between China and Myanmar

作　　者：董晓芳 李灿松[1,2] 刘晓凤 饶允昌 Dong Xiaofang;Li Cansong;Liu Xiaofeng;Rao Yunchang(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kumming 650500,China;Southwest Joint Graduate School of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650092,China;Department of Geography,National University of Singapore,Singapore 119077,Singapore)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,昆明650500 [2]云南省西南联合研究生院,昆明650092 [3]新加坡国立大学地理系,新加坡119077

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第7期1184-1195,共12页Tropical Geography

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX02);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202105AC160059);国家社会科学基金项目(19XGJ024)。

摘　　要：中缅非法跨境活牛贸易是影响边境安全的重要因素之一,开展其研究对维护边境地区安全稳定和双边贸易具有重要现实意义。文章基于实地调研,并结合历史文献档案和统计数据资料等,深度剖析中缅非法跨境活牛贸易的时空过程,并探讨了以“裙带关系”为核心的社会网络在此过程的运行机制。主要结论为:1)时间上,非法跨境贸易大致经历缓慢增长萌芽期、猖獗发展期和明显下降消退期3个阶段;2)空间上,以北线、中线和南线3条路线为主,贯穿印度北部、缅甸北部,最后进入中国云南;3)中缅非法跨境活牛贸易依赖于自然地理环境和跨境“裙带关系”提供的信任、规范和执行机制,从而形成完整的社会网络贸易链。最后,建议通过简化正规贸易和加强智慧边境建设等方式来治理非法跨境贸易。Since the 1990s,border security has been a pressing issue in political geography.With the increasing interactions between China and its neighboring countries,border security has increased the attention of scholars and government officials.Security issues along the China-Myanmar border are particularly eye-catching owing to Myanmar's fast-changing social and political reforms and unrest,as well as the complicated situation in Northern Myanmar that has gathered a large number of armed ethnic minorities.Tensions have resulted in prominent traditional and non-traditional security issues along the China-Myanmar border.Illegal cross-border trade is one non-traditional security problem in the region;specifically,illegal cross-border cattle trade is a particular but understudied case.This study investigates the actors,transportation,and social networks involved in illegal crossborder cattle trade.Using first-hand materials collected in the border area and secondary archives,the study analyzes the spatial and temporal features and operation mechanisms of smuggling.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the time stage,the study identifies approximately three stages.Before 2004,the illegal cross-border cattle trade,relying on kin relationships,was in its embryonic stage.From 2004 to 2018,the domestic beef market was in short supply,and the illegal cross-border cattle trade,this time relying on nepotism,gradually became more frequent,reaching 1.6-2 million heads per year and entering the development stage.Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2018 and 2020,owing to the enhanced border control,the volume of illegal cross-border trade has plummeted,decreasing by around tens of thousands to more than 100,000 each year,and then entering a period of extinction.(2)Spatially,illegal cross-border trade mainly comprises three routes:the northern,central,and southern routes,from northern India to China's Yunnan Province through northern Myanmar.Among the three routes,the middle route sees the largest number of cros

关 键 词：非法跨境活牛贸易 跨境贸易 社会网络贸易链 中缅边境 “裙带关系” 

分 类 号：F756[经济管理—国际贸易]