玉米含硫氨基酸代谢机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Sulfur-rich Amino Acid Metabolism in Maize

作　　者：汤泽洋 鲁鑫 吴金丽 周志强[2] 郭长虹[1] 李新海 TANG Zeyang;LU Xin;WU Jinli;ZHOU Zhiqiang;GUO Changhong;LI Xinhai(Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province,College of Life Science and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院黑龙江省分子细胞遗传与遗传育种重点实验室,哈尔滨150025 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2024年第7期1035-1045,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室;国家自然科学基金(32001559)。

摘　　要：玉米是重要的粮食和饲料作物,为畜禽提供必需的代谢能和营养物质,饲料的营养价值与蛋白质及氨基酸组成比例密切相关。玉米籽粒蛋白质中氨基酸组成不平衡,添加豆粕可以补充玉米中缺乏的赖氨酸和色氨酸。然而,含硫氨基酸(半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸)也是大豆中的限制性氨基酸,其中蛋氨酸直接影响畜禽的机体蛋白质合成速率,进而影响肉蛋奶的产量。因此,提高玉米含硫氨基酸特别是蛋氨酸含量对畜牧业发展意义重大。我国玉米种质资源中缺乏高蛋氨酸种质,且育种进程缓慢。近年来,随着人们对植物硫元素的吸收和转运机制的深入研究,初步构建了含硫氨基酸代谢调控网络。本研究概括了近年来关于提高作物含硫氨基酸代谢机制的研究结果,提出将群体遗传学、比较基因组学及分子生物学相结合挖掘候选基因的新策略,并利用现代生物育种技术提高玉米籽粒蛋氨酸含量,为优质蛋白玉米遗传改良提供参考。Maize is an important food crop that is primarily used as feed to provide necessary metabolizable energy and nutrients for livestock and poultry.The nutritional value of feed is closely associated with the proportion of protein and amino acid composition.However,maize protein exhibits an imbalanced amino acid content,adding soybean meal supplements the lysine and tryptophan lacking in maize.However,sulphurcontaining amino acids(cysteine and methionine) are also limiting amino acids in soybean.Methionine has a direct effect on the rate of protein synthesis in the bodies of livestock and poultry,which in turn affects the production of meat,eggs,and milk.Consequently,it is of great importance that there be a significant enhancement of the sulphur-containing amino acid content,particularly that of methionine,in maize,with a view to facilitating the development of animal husbandry.One limitation of China's maize germplasm resources is the lack of high methionine varieties.Additionally,the breeding process is relatively slow.In recent years,extensive research has been conducted on the absorption and transport mechanism of sulfur elements in plants,leading to the initial construction of a metabolic regulatory network for sulfur-containing amino acids.In this study,we summarized the research results of improving the metabolic mechanism of sulfur-containing amino acids in crops,proposed a new strategy of combining population genetics,comparative genomics and molecular biology to mine candidate genes,and used modern biological breeding to improve the methionine content of maize,so as to provide a reference for genetic improvement of high-quality protein maize.

关 键 词：玉米 硫元素 蛋氨酸 籽粒蛋白质 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]