清洁能源转型背景下美国核能竞合策略及其逻辑  

U.S.Competitive and Cooperative Strategy of Nuclear Energy in Global Clean Energy Transition

作　　者：赵行姝[1,2] Zhao Xingshu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2024年第3期107-136,7,8,共32页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：近年来,美国借助相关机制强化了与中俄两国在核能领域的竞争,同时也加强了与包括中俄两国在内的众多国家的核能合作。在全球清洁能源转型的背景下,核能的战略内涵大大扩展,成为大国竞争的核心之一。美国谋求削弱中俄两国在国际核能市场上的地位及其国际影响力。美俄博弈推动美国在中东欧国家大举投资核能;美中博弈则加剧了两国对包括核能在内的清洁能源技术的激烈竞争。全球清洁能源转型给包括美国在内的核供应国带来巨大的商业机遇,美国希望抓住商机。但是,美国在国际核能竞争中面临融资约束、制度约束和需求约束。为扭转竞争劣势,美国积极与盟伴协调核能政策,增强对核能出口的支持。美国历届政府都强调核能在清洁能源转型中的重要作用,并在国际核能发展议题上积极发挥领导作用。在“战略-经济-领导力”的分析框架下审视美国核能竞合策略及其逻辑,有助于深入理解美国在新形势下如何平衡其全球战略与对外政策的多重目标。In recent years,the United States has strengthened its competition as well as cooperation with China and Russia in the field of nuclear energy.In global clean energy transition,the strategic implication of nuclear energy has been greatly expanded.Nuclear energy has become a tool of great power competition,and the U.S.seeks to decrease the share of its adversaries in the international nuclear energy market and weaken their international influence.The U.S.-Russia competition has pushed the U.S.to invest heavily in nuclear energy in Central and Eastern Europe.The U.S.-China game has intensified the competition for advanced clean energy technologies between the two countries.The global clean energy transition brings significant opportunities for nuclear suppliers.The U.S.wants to capitalize on them,but faces financial,institutional,and demand challenges.The U.S.has actively coordinated its nuclear energy policies with its allies and enhanced the support for nuclear exports.Successive U.S.administrations have emphasized the important role of nuclear energy in the clean energy transition and have taken a leadership role in the international nuclear energy agenda.Examining the U.S.competitive and cooperative strategy of nuclear energy with the“strategy-economy-leadership”framework helps one better understand how the U.S.balances different objectives in its global strategy and foreign policy under new circumstances.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 清洁能源 气候变化 民用核能 核电技术 

分 类 号：F416.23[经济管理—产业经济] D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D871.2[政治法律—经济法学]