我国水稻种质资源创新研究与利用进展  

Progress on Innovative Research and Utilization of Rice Germplasm Resources in China

作　　者：杨德卫[1] 张海峰[2] 余文权[3] YANG Dewei;ZHANG Haifeng;YU Wenquan(Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350019;Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350000;Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350000)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福州350019 [2]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福州350000 [3]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福州350000

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2024年第4期495-508,共14页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021019);院平台提升建设项目(CXPT20230003);院东西部合作项目(DKBF-2024-12)。

摘　　要：农业种质资源主要包括农作物、畜禽、农业微生物和药用植物等种质资源。截止到2023年,我国保存的作物种质资源有超过54万份,其中有8万多份是水稻种质资源,如何对这么庞大的水稻种质资源进行精确评价与利用,这将对今后水稻种质创新与育种具有重要意义。本文梳理了我国水稻种质资源收集、评价与精确鉴定、水稻新品系创制、水稻杂种优势利用、水稻种质创制新技术、新方法以及水稻优异基因资源的挖掘与利用等方面的进展,并归纳形成了水稻种质资源创制与利用的新模式。最后,本文就当前水稻核心种质构建、种质资源鉴定与挖掘以及种质资源共享共赢机制等方面的问题进行了探讨,并就如何加强专用型核心种资的构建、种质资源的精确鉴定、种质资源的创新研究、种质资源的共享机制以及种质资源的合作交流进行了分析与展望,以期为进一步深入开展水稻种质资源鉴定评价与创新利用提供一定的参考和帮助。Agricultural germplasm resources mainly include crops,livestock and poultry,agricultural microorganisms and medicinal plants.There are 134,000 crop germplasm resources preserved in China,among which 74,000 are rice germplasm resources.How to accurately evaluate and utilize such huge rice germplasm resources is of great significance in rice germplasm innovation and breeding.In this paper,we reviewed the progress in collection,evaluation and accurate identification of rice germplasm resources,creation of new strains of rice,utilization of heterosis of rice,new techniques and methods of rice germplasm creation,and exploration and utilization of excellent genetic resources of rice,and summarized a new model of rice germplasm resource creation and utilization.Finally,this article discussed the current problems of rice core germplasm construction,germplasm resources identification and mining,and germplasm resources sharing and win-win mechanism.At the same time,we analyzed and prospeced how to strengthen the construction of specialized core seed resources,the accurate identification of germplasm resources,the innovative research of germplasm resources,the sharing mechanism of germplasm resources and the cooperation and exchange of germplasm resources,in order to provide some reference and help for further development of the identification,evaluation and innovative utilization of rice germplasm resources.

关 键 词：水稻 种质资源 创新 利用 基因 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]