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作 者:项晶 杨飞 蒋丽琳 范良英 范玉洁 毕亚玲 XIANG Jing;YANG Fei;JIANG Lilin;FAN Liangying;FAN Yujie;BI Yaling(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China;College of Agriculture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China)
机构地区:[1]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100
出 处:《草业科学》2024年第6期1371-1383,共13页Pratacultural Science
基 金:安徽省科技重大专项(202203a06020016)。
摘 要:碎米知风草(Eragrostis japonica)是稻田恶性禾本科杂草之一。为明确影响碎米知风草种子萌发的主要环境因子,并筛选有效的化学防除药剂,采用培养皿法和盆钵法分别测定了温度、光照、pH、盐胁迫、渗透势、埋土深度对碎米知风草种子萌发的影响,并评价了27种稻田除草剂对碎米知风草的活性。结果表明,碎米知风草种子在20~40℃内均能萌发,恒温条件下最适萌发温度为35℃,变温条件下为35℃/25℃;其种子对光照较为敏感,黑暗条件下无法萌发;pH在4~10时种子萌发率在80.67%以上;随着NaCl浓度的升高,种子萌发率呈下降趋势,当NaCl浓度达到160 mmol·L^(-1)时种子停止萌发;碎米知风草种子对水势较为敏感,抑制萌发率50%时水势为-0.35 MPa;当埋土深度达到0.8 cm时可完全抑制种子萌发。活性结果表明,在推荐剂量下,土壤处理乙氧氟草醚、噁草酮、丁草胺、异噁草松、硝磺草酮、丙草胺、莎稗磷、二甲戊灵、仲丁灵、扑草净、环戊噁草酮11种药剂对碎米知风草的抑制效果较强,鲜重抑制率在96.28%以上;茎叶处理药剂噁唑酰草胺、禾草丹、敌稗、吡唑喹草酯、苯丙草酮5种药剂对碎米知风草的鲜重抑制率在92.16%~99.36%。该结果可为稻田碎米知风草的化学防治提供参考依据。Eragrostis japonica is one of the malignant gramineous weeds in paddy fields.To clarify the main environmental factors affecting the seed germination of E.japonica,the Petri dish and pot methods were conducted to determine the effects of temperature,light,pH,salt stress,osmotic potential,and sowing depth on seed germination.In addition,27 herbicides were evaluated for the control of E.japonica.The results showed that the seeds could germinate at 20~40℃.The temperature of optimum germination was 35℃ under constant temperature and 35℃/25℃ under variable temperature.The seeds of E.japonica were light-sensitive,and it was difficult for seeds to germinate in its absence.When the pH was between 4 and 10,the seed germination rate was above 80.67%.With increasing NaCl concentration,the seed germination rate tended to decrease.When the NaCl concentration reached 160 mmol·L^(-1),seed germination stopped.Seeds of E.japonica were sensitive to osmotic potential,with the germination rate being inhibited by 50% when the osmotic potential was−0.35 MPa.When the sowing depth reached 8 mm,the seed germination could be completely inhibited.We found that at the recommended dosage,11 pre-emergence herbicides(oxyfluorfen,oxadiazon,butachlor,clomazone,mesotrione,pretilachlor,anilofos,pendimethalin,butralin,prometryn and pentoxazone)had high activity.Overall,the inhibition rate of the fresh weight was more than 96.28%.The fresh weight inhibition rate of five post-emergence herbicides,viz.metamifop,thiobencarb,propanil,pyraquinate,and pheprodim,on E.japonica ranged between 92.16% and 99.36%.These results provide a reference for the chemical control of E.japonica in paddy fields.
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