亚热带区玉米和籽粒苋间作对饲草产量和品质的影响  

Effect on forage yield and silage quality of silage maize and amaranth intercropping in subtropical districts

作　　者：段佳鑫 臧庆吉 薛世明 方云霞[2,4] 蔡明 刘彦培[2] 侯洁琼 黄梅芬 钟绍丽[2] 张美艳 DUAN Jiaxin;ZANG Qingji;XUE Shiming;FANG Yunxia;CAI Ming;LIU Yanpei;HOU Jieqiong;HUANG Meifen;ZHONG Shaoli;ZHANG Meiyan(Yunnan Agricultural University Institute of Animal Science and Technology,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Research Institute of Grassland Animal Science,Kunming 650212,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture,Kunming 650200,Yunnan,China;Bureau of Agriculture,Rural Areas,Science and Technology of Guangnan County,Guangnan 663300,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212 [3]云南农业职业技术学院,云南昆明650200 [4]广南县农业农村和科学技术局,云南广南663300

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第6期1471-1482,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CAR-34-52);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(2019HB035);南方地区饲草配置组合与轮作复合技术示范推广项目(16200157-21);云南省现代农业草产业技术体系草地生态岗位专项(2017KJTX0018);云岭产业技术领军人才项目(云发改人事﹝2015﹞1495号)。

摘　　要：为探究亚热带区青贮玉米(Zea mays)与籽粒苋(Amaranthus hypochondriacus)间作的最佳比例及间作对饲草农艺性状、产量以及青贮品质的影响,将青贮玉米与籽粒苋以行数比T_(1)(3:1)、T_(2)(3:2)、T_(3)(4:2)3种不同间作方式进行种植,同时以玉米单作(CK_(1))和籽粒苋单作(CK_(2))作为对照,对青贮玉米和籽粒苋的株高、茎粗等相关农艺性状、产量及青贮品质进行测定。结果表明,不同间作方式对青贮玉米的株高和籽粒苋的茎粗存在显著影响(P<0.05);与CK_(1)处理相比,T_(2)和T_(3)处理下的鲜草产量分别提高6.84%和11.33%,但二者差异不显著(P>0.05)。在所有处理中,CK_(1)处理的干草总产量最高,为24.57 t·hm^(-2),显著高于T_(1)处理(P<0.05)。对于混贮品质而言,T_(3)处理的干物质含量最高,极显著高于其他间作处理(P<0.01);T_(2)处理的粗蛋白含量和乳酸含量较高,分别为12.1%、4.83%,显著高于籽粒苋单作和其他间作处理(P<0.05)。综合分析表明,在滇中地区青贮玉米和籽粒苋以3:2间作种植可获得较高的单位面积饲草产量和较好的青贮营养品质。This study aimed to explore the optimal ratio of intercropping between silage maize and amaranth in the midlands of Yunnan and its effect on forage agronomic traits,yield,and silage quality.We designed three intercropping models for silage maize(Zea mays)and amaranth(Amaranthus hypochondriacus):T_(1)(3×1),T_(2)(3×2),and T_(3)(4×2).The silage maize monoculture was CK_(1),while the amaranth monoculture was CK_(2).We determined agronomic traits,such as plant height,stem diameter,forage yield,and silage quality.The results showed that the different intercropping models significantly affected the plant height of maize silage and stem thickness of amaranth(P<0.05).Compared with silage maize monoculture(CK_(1)),the fresh grass yield under the T_(2) and T_(3) treatments increased by 6.84% and 11.33%,respectively,but the difference between the two treatments was not significant(P>0.05).In all treatments,the total hay yield of the maize silage monoculture(CK_(1))treatment was the highest at 24.57 t·ha^(-1),which was significantly higher than that of the T_(1) treatment(P<0.05).Regarding the quality of mixed storage,the T_(3) treatment had the highest dry matter content,significantly higher than that for other intercropping treatments(P<0.01).For the mixed storage quality,the dry matter content of the T_(3) treatment was the highest and was significantly higher than that for other intercropping treatments(P<0.01).The crude protein content and acetic acid contents of the T_(2) treatment were the highest,with values of 12.1% and 4.83%,respectively,significantly higher than that for other intercropping treatments and amaranth monoculture treatment(P<0.05).Comprehensive analysis showed that the 3×2 intercropping of silage maize and amaranth in the midlands of Yunnan was an optimal intercropping model that could increase the yield of forage per unit area and improve the nutrient traits of the two crops.

关 键 词：亚热带地区 间作 农艺性状 饲草产量 混合青贮 草食畜牧业 

分 类 号：S548[农业科学—作物学]