基于增强回归树的西非北部沿海底拖网主要商业头足类CPUE与主要环境因子的关系  

Relationships Between CPUE of Major Commercial Cephalopods and Major Environmental Factors in Coastal Bottom Trawls of Northern West Africa Based on Boosted Regression Trees

作　　者：刘兵 张健[2,3,4,5] 石建高[6] LIU Bing;ZHANG Jian;SHI Jian'gao(Shanghai Dier Deep Sea Fisheries Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200082,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海蒂尔远洋渔业有限公司,上海200082 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [6]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2024年第4期71-79,共9页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：东海渔业资源增殖与多元化养殖模式示范项目(2020YFD0900803)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究西非北部沿海不同环境因子对章鱼、墨鱼和鱿鱼等主要商业头足类单位捕捞努力量(CPUE)影响的规律,为合理规划商业性捕捞生产和科学渔业管理等提供参考。【方法】基于2019-2021年西非北部沿海底拖网渔业数据,使用增强回归树模型(BRT)分析主要商业头足类对于海表面温度(SST)、叶绿素质量浓度、海表面盐度、海表面高度异常,溶解氧浓度、降水量、经度、纬度、海底深度、离岸距离和时间等环境因子的响应规律。【结果与结论】BRT模型在渔业研究中尤其在数据处理方面较传统模型优势明显。本研究以相对重要性值划分11个环境因子对于商业头足类(章鱼、墨鱼和鱿鱼)CPUE影响的强弱:强重要性(10%以上)、一般重要性(5%~10%)和弱重要性(5%以下)。BRT拟合结果表明,SST、纬度、降水量和离岸距离对章鱼CPUE影响有强重要性,纬度、SST、叶绿素质量浓度对墨鱼CPUE影响有强重要性,而降水量、溶解氧浓度、SST对于鱿鱼CPUE影响有强重要性。纬度对章鱼和墨鱼的CPUE影响有强重要性,较高的CPUE分别出现在24°N以南(章鱼)和23°N―27°N之间(墨鱼);离岸距离对章鱼和鱿鱼CPUE影响均在一般重要性以上,离岸30~70 km范围内CPUE较高;3种头足类中,鱿鱼CPUE受时间影响最大,较高CPUE出现在1月和7月。环境因子中,SST对3种头足类影响均有强重要性,相对重要性均在20%以上,其中对于章鱼和墨鱼影响效应相反,章鱼趋暖而墨鱼趋寒;溶解氧浓度与鱿鱼CPUE呈正相关;叶绿素质量浓度对墨鱼CPUE影响有强重要性,叶绿素质量浓度较低时CPUE较平稳,但当质量浓度超过4 mg·m^(-3)时CPUE却逐渐下降。降水量对于3种头足类CPUE影响均在一般重要性以上,随降水量增加,鱿鱼CPUE有所上升,而章鱼和墨鱼CPUE先升高后降低。【Objective】This paper investigates the pattern of the effects of different environmental factors on catch per unit effort (CPUE) of major commercial cephalopods (octopus,cuttlefish,and squid)off the coast of northern West Africa,to provide a reference for rational planning of commercial fishing production and scientific fishery management,among others.【Method】The Boosted Regression Trees(BRT) was used to analyze the response patterns of major commercial cephalopods to environmental factors(namely Sea Surface Temperature (SST),Chlorophyll mass concentration,Sea Surface Salinity (SSS),Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SSHA),dissolved oxygen concentration,precipitation,longitude,latitude,depth,distance from shore and time) based on data from bottom trawl fisheries off the coast of northern West Africa from 2019―2021.【Result and Conclusion】The BRT model has significant advantages over traditional models in fishery research,especially in data processing In this study,relative importance values were used to classify the strength of the effects of 11 factors on cephalopod CPUE:strong importance(more than 10%),moderate importance (5%―10%),and weak importance (less than 5%).The results of BRT fitting showed that SST,latitude,precipitation,and distance from shore had strong importance tooctopus CPUE,latitude,SST,and chlorophyll mass concentration had strong importance to cuttlefish CPUE,while precipitation,dissolved oxygen concentration,and SST had strong importance to squid CPUE.Latitude had a strong importance to CPUE of octopus and squid,with higher CPUE occurring south of 24°N(octopus) and between 23°N―27°N (cuttlefish),respectively;Distance from shore had more than moderate importance for both octopus and squid CPUE,with higher CPUE occurring within 30―70 km from shore;Among the three species,squid CPUE was most affected by time,with higher CPUE occurring in January and July.Among the environmental factors,SST had a strong effect on all three cephalopods,with a relative importance of more than 20%,wit

关 键 词：西非海域 底拖网 头足类 增强回归树 单位捕捞努力量 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]