广东沿海潮汐时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal Variation of Tidal Characteristics along the Coast of Guangdong Province

作　　者：张峻萍 仉天宇 张玉璇 欧紫靖 周恺 陈棱鉴 ZHANG Junping;ZHANG Tianyu;ZHANG Yuxuan;OU Zijing;ZHOU Kai;CHEN Lingjian(College of Ocean and Meteorology,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China/Southern Marine Science and Enginerring Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China;Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院,广东湛江524088/南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519082 [2]自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2024年第4期88-95,共8页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：南方海洋实验室项目(SML2022SP301);国家重点研究发展计划(2021YFC3101801,2022YFC3103104);国家自然科学基金(41976200);广东省科技计划项目(粤西海洋野外站);广东省教育厅创新团队项目(2023KCXTD015);广东海洋大学人才启动项目(060302032106)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解广东沿海潮汐的时空分布特征,为广东沿海工程建设和潮汐利用提供参考。【方法】以广东沿海10个观测站点2020年全年水位数据作为研究对象,通过经典调和分析和数值模式模拟分析广东沿海潮汐时空分布特征。【结果】通过不同分潮数对各站点进行潮汐反演可以看出,在深圳以西,仅使用4分潮即可获得相关系数在0.9以上的反演结果,东侧区域则需要使用13分潮才可将反演结果优化至0.9以上,且气象潮对整体的优化超过0.07;潮汐特征参数的空间分布上,广东沿海的潮汐类型参数基本都维持在(0.25,1.50]区间,仅少数区域大于或小于该区间,而表征浅水效应的特征参数则仅在深圳东侧大于0.2;潮波方面平均高潮与平均低潮在数值上均呈现自东向西增强的趋势,但广东沿海的平均潮差基本维持在120~150 cm,两者增强幅度较为一致;遮浪站除6月以外气象潮SA的振幅最大(均大于50 cm)且月变化幅度也最大(变化幅度超过1 m),除1、12月外,其余各月平均潮差均在100 cm左右,较为稳定。【结论】在观测条件有限的情况下,深圳以西仅使用4分潮即可获得较好的模拟结果,以东则建议使用13分潮进行模拟,同时汕尾以东区域气象潮对模拟结果影响较大;广东沿海潮汐类型较为多样,在陆丰为正规日潮,遮浪和汕尾为不正规日潮,其他区域皆为不正规半日潮;广东附近海域的大洋潮波主要从东南角向西北方向发生累积效应,且整体上看半日分潮的的增强相较于全日分潮更为显著,其中在深圳东侧还存在较强的浅水效应;国际共享站点遮浪站除6月以外的各月份中气象潮SA的振幅最大,且月变化幅度最大的也是气象潮SA,同时遮浪站除1、12月外其余各月的高低潮变化幅度较为一致。【Objective】This study aims to explorethe spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of coastal tides in Guangdong,and to provide a reference for numerical simulation of storm surge along the coast of Guangdong.【Method】The water level data of 10 observation stations in Guangdong in 2020 were taken as the research object,and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of tides in Guangdong coastal areas were studied by classical harmonic analysis and numerical model simulation.【Result】The tidal inversion of each station was carried out by different sub-tide numbers,and it was found that in the west of Shenzhen,only 4 component tides were used to obtain the inversion results with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.9,while in the eastern region,13 component tides were needed to optimize the inversion results to more than 0.9,and the overall optimization of meteorological tides exceeded 0.07.In terms of tidal waves,the mean high tide and mean low tide both showed a numerical trend of increasing from east to west,but the average tidal range along the coast of Guangdong remained at 120-150 cm,and the enhancement amplitude of the two was relatively consistent.Except for June,the amplitude of the meteorological tide SA was the largest(all greater than 50 cm) and the monthly variation was also the largest(more than 1 m),and the monthly average tidal range was about 100 cm in all other months except January and December.【Conclusion】Under the condition of limited observation conditions,only 4 component tides can be used in the west of Shenzhen to obtain better simulation results,and 13 sub-tides are recommended to be used for simulation in the east,and the regional meteorological tide in the east of Shanwei has a great influence on the simulation results.The types of coastal tides in Guangdong are relatively diverse,with regular daily tides in Lufeng,irregular daily tides in Shalang and Shanwei,and irregular semi-diurnal tides in other areas.The oceanic tidal wave in the sea near Guangd

关 键 词：潮汐特征 空间分布 月变化 广东沿海 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]