单胶束定向组装合成介孔材料  

Mono-micelle directed assembly for the synthesis of mesoporous materials

作　　者：艾研 杨超超 盖甜雨 封佳佑 李伟 Yan Ai;Chaochao Yang;Tianyu Gai;Jiayou Feng;Wei Li(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials,Laboratory of Advanced Materials,Department of Chemistry,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学化学系,先进材料实验室,上海市分子催化与创新材料重点实验室,聚合物分子工程国家重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第16期2110-2129,共20页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1503501);国家自然科学基金(22105041,21733003,22088101)资助。

摘　　要：历经30多年的蓬勃发展,功能介孔材料已经形成了一个庞大的材料家族,包含多种组分与结构.以表面活性剂或嵌段共聚物为模板,能够通过合理地调控组装过程来精确地调节介观结构,是制备介孔材料的主要方法.在该方法中,表面活性剂或嵌段共聚物分子首先自组装形成单个胶束或胶束聚集体,然后与框架前驱体组装形成有序的介观结构.本文重点讨论单胶束纳米结构的制备、单胶束基元与框架前驱体的组装以及界面诱导单胶束组装合成介孔材料这3个方面,旨在提高读者对单胶束的形成过程、胶束的组装以及有序介观结构生成机制的理解.最后,本文简要指出该领域存在的主要问题和挑战,探讨单胶束定向组装合成介孔材料可能的发展方向与机遇.Due to their high specific surface area,large pore volume,unique mesoporous structure,and diverse composition,functional mesoporous materials have shown tremendous potential in the fields of catalysis,energy storage,biomedicine,adsorption,and separation,especially in chemical reactions involving large molecules.The composition of mesoporous materials is abundant,encompassing a broad spectrum of components,including silicates,polymers,carbons,metals,metal oxides,metal phosphates,and metal sulfides.Mesoporous materials also exhibit structural diversity.On one hand,the size,morphology,as well as pore size and structure of the mesoporous materials can be easily tuned.On the other hand,mesoporous materials can be adjusted from low-dimensional to complex three-dimensional structures.Currently,researchers are devoted to preparing ordered mesoporous materials with controllable composition,morphology,and mesoporous channels,in order to reveal the formation mechanism of mesoporous structures and explore their potential applications.The key challenge in the fabrication of mesoporous materials lies in constructing a well-ordered arrangement of pores within the material at the mesoscale(2–50 nm).There are two main methods for creating mesopores,namely hard templating and soft templating.Hard templating involves the use of pre-synthesized mesoporous solids for nanocasting or colloidal nanocrystals as sacrificial templates.The stability of the hard templates makes it suitable for preparing functional mesoporous materials with a variety of compositions.However,this method is costly,time-consuming,and remains challenge in adjusting the mesoporous parameters such as meso-structure and pore size.In contrast,soft templating involves the fabrication of mesoporous materials starting from single micelles,which are typically formed by the assembly of amphiphilic surfactants or block copolymers.Subsequently,the organic or inorganic precursors assemble around the micelle interface to form a composite micelle.Finally,the precursors assem

关 键 词：软模板 单胶束 自组装 介孔材料 

分 类 号：TB383.4[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]