面向电化学转换和储能的中空金属有机框架及其衍生碳基纳米反应器构筑  

Construction of hollow metal-organic frameworks and their derived complex carbon-based nanoreactors for electrochemical conversion and energy storage

作　　者：王雪飞 李海涛 刘健 Xuefei Wang;Haitao Li;Jian Liu(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot O10021,China;School of Civil&Environmental Engineering,University of Technology Sydney,Sydney 2007,Australia)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学化学化工学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]School of Civil&Environmental Engineering,University of Technology Sydney,Sydney 2007,Australia

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第16期2174-2184,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：模拟细胞的纳米反应器以其独特的物理化学特性在多相催化、能量储存和转化、环境修复和生物化学等领域引起了广泛的研究兴趣.这类纳米反应器为化学反应的发生提供了一个介于微观和宏观之间的受限空间.其中,具有多级中空或多级孔结构的碳基纳米反应器,在碳材料的热力学稳定性高和导电性能好的基础上,还可以在纳米反应器效应(如微环境调控效应、空间限域效应和传质增强效应等)的作用下,进一步提升碳基材料在电化学转换与储能领域的性能.本文首先对金属有机框架材料衍生的碳基纳米反应器的合成策略进行了讨论,然后介绍了它们在电化学转换和储能领域的应用,重点介绍了其中的纳米反应器效应,最后对金属有机框架衍生的碳基纳米反应器的发展前景进行了展望.Cells in nature exhibit intricate soft matter structures,characterized by microcompartments housing specific functional groups.Various chemical reactions that are essential for life occur in a regulated,organized,and oriented way.It has been deeply revealed that the special structure features of natural cells play a dominant role in these reaction procedures.In materials science,nanoreactors designed by simulating cellular behaviors can serve as“artificial cells”to facilitate controlled catalysis of chemical reactions.These cell-mimicking nanoreactors provide a mesoscale-confined space where chemical reactions occur in regulated spaces.Over recent decades,nanoreactors with intriguing physicochemical properties have captured significant interest across diverse research domains,including heterogeneous catalysis,energy storage and conversion,environmental remediation,and biochemistry.Among various nanostructured materials,nanoreactors are most represented by hierarchical porous and multilevel hollow nanomaterials.Based on such innovative nanostructures,there are key structural features as follows:(1)The spatial arrangement of porous structures and cavities within nanoreactors enables the attachment of functional groups at desired locations;(2)micro/mesoporous and hollow cavities provide confined space for concentrating the reactants through selective interactions,trapping reaction intermediates on active sites for further reactions,and enhancing mass transfer and selective sieving based on the specific pore structure;(3)integrating spatially separated active sites within a single particle enable more efficient cascade reactions.Therefore,nanoreactors exhibit unique structural features and high catalytic efficacy,positioning them for promising applications.A typical nanoreactor design for the catalytic process should take both mass diffusion and surface reactions into account,which requires that the structure and composition of the nanoreactor should be precisely controlled.Based on these considerations,metal-org

关 键 词：纳米反应器 多级中空结构 多级孔结构 碳基电催化剂 金属有机框架 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工] TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] O646[理学—物理化学]