幼儿体质健康水平与工作记忆加工的差异特征:来自fNIRS的证据  

Study on the Differential Characteristics of Physical Fitness Levels and

作　　者：郑权良 李红娟[1] 宁科 史兵[3] 武陈[2] 郭玉江[4] ZHENG Quanliang;LI Hongjuan;NING Ke;SHI Bing;WU Chen;GUO Yujiang(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Physical Education,Xi’an FANYI University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710105,China;School of Physical Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710119,China;School of Physical Education,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]西安翻译学院体育学院,陕西西安710105 [3]陕西师范大学体育学院,陕西西安710119 [4]郑州大学体育学院,河南郑州450044

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2024年第3期267-278,共12页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目(23JK0454)

摘　　要：目的:探讨幼儿体质健康发展水平与工作记忆加工的大脑神经关联,为幼儿体质健康促进与认知发展提供依据。方法:选取98名4~6岁学龄前儿童,按照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》的内容评估幼儿体质健康发展水平,采用功能性近红外光谱脑成像(fNIRS)技术,监测幼儿执行工作记忆任务时的大脑前额叶皮层血氧动力学信号,采用4(体质健康,分为优秀、良好、合格、不合格)×2(记忆难度,分为低记忆难度、高记忆难度)的混合实验设计探讨幼儿体质健康水平与大脑工作记忆时的行为学和前额叶氧合血红蛋白浓度差异。结果:1)在低记忆难度条件下,体质健康优秀组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在右侧背外侧前额叶皮层(R-DLPFC)显著大于良好组,在R-DLPFC、右侧三角部布罗卡氏区(R-PTBA)、右侧额极区(R-FPA)及左侧背外侧前额叶皮层(L-DLPFC)显著大于合格组,在L-DLPFC显著大于不合格组;2)在高记忆难度条件下,优秀组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在R-DLPFC显著大于良好组,在R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于合格组和不合格组;良好组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在L-DLPFC和R-PTBA显著大于合格组,在R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于不合格组,合格组的氧合血红蛋白浓度在R-DLPFC、R-FPA及L-DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于不合格组;3)优秀组和良好组在高记忆难度条件下的R-DLPFC、R-PTBA、R-FPA及L-DLPFC显著大于低记忆难度条件下;4)合格组在高记忆难度条件下的R-FPA和L-DLPFC的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于低记忆难度条件下;5)不合格组在高记忆难度条件下的R-PTBA的氧合血红蛋白浓度显著大于低记忆难度条件下。结论:幼儿的体质健康发展水平与工作记忆存在密切关联,表现为体质健康发展水平越高,大脑在执行工作记忆任务时的前额叶相关皮层激活程度越高。Objective:To explore the neural correlations between physical fitness development levels and working memory processing in early childhood,providing a basis for promoting physical fitness and cognitive development in early children.Methods:A total of 98 preschool children aged 4-6 years were selected.The physical fitness development levels of the children were assessed according to the“National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual(Preschool Children Section).”Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to monitor hemodynamic signals in the prefrontal cortex during workingmemory tasks.Amixed experimental design of 4(physical health:excellent,good,fair,poor)×2(memory difficulty:low,high)was used to investigate the behavioral andprefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin concentration differences during working memory tasks inrelationto physical fitness levels.Results:1)Under low memory difficulty conditions,the excellent physical fitness group showed significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(R-DLPFC)compared to the good group;significantlyhigher concentrations intheR-DLPFC,right triangular part ofBroca’s area(R-PTBA),right frontal pole area(R-FPA),and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(L-DLPFC)compared to the fair group;and significantly higher concentrations in the L-DLPFC compared to the poor group;2)Under high memory difficulty conditions,the excellent group had significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the R-DLPFCcomparedto the good group;significantly higher concentrations in theR-DLPFC,R-PTBA,R-FPA,and L-DLPFC compared to both the fair and poor groups.The good group had significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the L-DLPFC and R-PTBA compared to the fair group,and significantly higher concentrations in the R-DLPFC,R-PTBA,R-FPA,and L-DLPFC compared to the poor group.The fair group had significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations in the R-DLPFC,R-FPA,and L-DLPFC compared to the poor grou

关 键 词：体质健康 工作记忆 幼儿 功能性近红外光谱脑成像 差异特征 身体活动 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]