不同生育期水分胁迫对葡萄叶绿素荧光参数指标和产量的影响  

Effects of Water Stress at Different Growth Stages on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Yield of Grape

作　　者：张海峰 庞桂斌[1] 付玉荣 刘洪玲 苏雪伟 张立志 王昕[4] 徐征和[1] ZHANG Hai-feng;PANG Gui-bin;FU Yu-rong;LIU Hong-ling;SU Xue-wei;ZHANG Li-zhi;WANG Xin;XU Zheng-he(University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Binzhou Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Service Center,Binzhou 256601,Shandong Province,China;Huantai County Water Conservancy Service Center,Zibo 256400,Shandong Province,China;Shandong Institute of Water Resources,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学,济南250022 [2]滨州市引黄灌溉服务中心,山东滨州256601 [3]桓台县水利事业服务中心,山东淄博256400 [4]山东省水利科学研究院,济南250013

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第7期1-7,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800601);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME255);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022052)。

摘　　要：研究不同生育期水分胁迫对葡萄叶绿素相对含量、叶绿素荧光特性和产量的影响,探究葡萄不同生育期水分胁迫下的叶绿素荧光响应调节机制,指导葡萄生长的灌水策略。以3 a生鲜食葡萄“玫瑰香”为供试材料,采用滴灌的灌水方式,设置了6个水分胁迫处理(全生育期胁迫、萌芽期胁迫、新梢生长期胁迫、开花期胁迫、膨大期胁迫、着色期胁迫)和1个对照处理(充分灌溉田间持水量的90%)。结果表明:水分胁迫降低了葡萄叶绿素相对含量、Fv/Fm(最大光化学效率)、Y_((2))(光化学量子产量)、q^(N)(非光化学淬灭系数)、q^(P)(光化学淬灭系数)、ETR(电子传递速率)等光合叶绿素荧光参数指标,复水后均有所恢复,但全生育期和膨大期水分胁迫对植株造成了不可逆的影响,显著降低了果实单粒重和穗重,导致减产13.53%和11.70%;而萌芽期水分胁迫并未显著降低叶绿素相对含量,最终实现增产9.87%。萌芽期水分胁迫复水后会引起生理指标的反弹,实现葡萄的节水增产。To study the impact of water stress at different growth stages on relative chlorophyll content,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of grapes,and to explore the regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll fluorescence response under water stress at different growth stages of grapes and guide the irrigation strategy of grape growth.The 3-year fresh table grape"Rose Xiang"was used as the test material,and drip irrigation was adopted.Six water stress treatments(whole growth stage,germination stage,shoot growth stage,flowering stage,expansion stage,coloring stage)and one control treatment(fully irrigated field water capacity 90%)were set up.The results showed that:Water stress reduced chlorophyll relative content,Fv/Fm(maximum photochemical efficiency),Y_((2))(photochemical quantum yield),q^(N)(non-photochemical quenching coefficient),q^(P)(photochemical quenching coefficient),ETR(electron transfer rate)and other photosynthetic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of grape,which later recovered after rehydration.Notably,water stress during the whole growth stage and expansion stage had an irreversible effect on the plant,which significantly reduced the individual fruit weight and ear weight,resulting in a yield reduction of 13.53%and 11.70%,respectively.However,water stress at germination stage did not significantly reduce the relative content of chlorophyll,and finally achieved an increase of 9.87%.It can be concluded that rehydration of water stress at germination stage will lead to the rebound of physiological indexes and realize the water-saving and yield-increasing of grapes.

关 键 词：水分胁迫 叶绿素 叶绿素荧光参数 产量 复水 

分 类 号：S1[农业科学—农业基础科学] S274