不同排水再利用措施对土壤水盐运移的影响  

The Impact of Different Measures of Drainage Reuse on the Water-Salt Transport

作　　者：郭帅帅 马韬 陈凯文 蒋燕华 丁继辉[1] 彭溯涵 俞双恩[1] GUO Shuai-shuai;MA Tao;CHEN Kai-wen;JIANG Yan-hua;DING Ji-hui;PENG Su-han;YU Shuang-en(College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Provincial Water Conservancy Project Planning Office,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]江苏省水利工程规划办公室,南京210098

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第7期53-61,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“盐渍农田玉米细根形态可塑性对其吸水能力的影响机制与模拟研究”(52109051);江苏省水利科技项目(2021062)。

摘　　要：为了探明盐碱地不同农田排水再利用措施对区域水盐运移转化的影响,以河套灌区永联试验区为研究区,对研究区2017-2018年夏灌秋浇期明沟排水、集水井水水质进行定位监测,采用SWAP-WOFOST模型对土壤0~40 cm水盐量和大田玉米、向日葵产量进行校核与验证,根据研究区灌排条件设置明沟排水再利用情景(渠水∶井水∶沟水=4∶3∶3、5∶3∶2、6∶3∶1)与集水井水再利用情景(渠水∶机井水∶集水井水=4∶3∶3、5∶3∶2、6∶3∶1),以土壤脱盐率(SDR)和水分生产率(WIDP)为评价指标对情景模拟结果进行评价。结果表明,SWAP-WOFOST模型能较好地模拟河套平原土壤水盐变化与作物生长过程,R2分别大于0.73、0.63、0.65。明沟上下游水体缺乏连通性,其水质空间差异性较大,研究区不同土地利用蒸散发量、产量及盐分浓度受灌排措施与地下水埋深影响显著,在灌水不利的区域土壤盐分浓度较高,地下水埋深较浅,蒸散量较大,是导致作物产量降低的主要原因。情景模拟结果表明,集水井水再利用相较于明沟排水具有更好的积极作用,随着明沟排水再利用的比例增加,土壤含盐量成上升趋势,分别增加3%、6%、11%,同时DIWP无明显变化,表明明沟排水基本不适用于农田回灌;集水井水再利用降低了农田地下水埋深,有利于降低耕层土壤EC(R2=0.81),土壤脱盐率可提升至36.2%~41.8%。To investigate the impact of different measures of drainage reuse on regional water-salt transport and transformation in salinealkali lands,the Yonglian experimental area in the Hetao Irrigation District was selected as the study area.The SWAP-WOFOST model was used to calibrate and validate water-salt content in the 0~40 cm soil layer,as well as the yields of maize and sunflowers in the field.Surface drainage and sump-well water quality during the summer irrigation and autumn watering stages in the study area in 2017 and 2018 was conducted.According to the irrigation and drainage conditions in the research area,this study established scenarios for the reuse of open ditch drainage(canal water:well water:ditch water=4∶3∶3,5∶3∶2,6∶3∶1)and the reuse of collection well water(canal water:machine well water:collection sump-well water=4∶3∶3,5∶3∶2,6∶3∶1).With soil desalination rate(SDR)and water input and dry matter production(WIDP)as evaluation indicators for the simulation results in different scenarios.The results indicated that the SWAP-WOFOST model could effectively simulate the water and salt dynamics in the soil as well as the crop growth process in Hetao Plain,with R2 values exceeding 0.73,0.63,and 0.65,respectively.The lack of connectivity between the upstream and downstream water bodies in the ditch drainage resulted in significant spatial variations in water quality.The evapotranspiration,yield,and salt concentration of different land use area in the experimental area were significantly influenced by irrigation and drainage measures and groundwater depth.In regions with unfavorable irrigation,the soil salt concentration was higher,and the shallow groundwater depth increased transpiration evaporation,which was the main reason for the reduction in crop yield.The simulation results indicated that the reuse of sump-well water had a more positive effect compared to ditch drainage.As the proportion of ditch drainage reuse increased,soil salt content exhibited an upward trend,increasing by 3%,6

关 键 词：水盐运移 SWAP-WOFOST模型 明沟排水 集水井水 水分生产率 

分 类 号：S276.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]